chore(release): publish v6.0.1-251

Grant-plane coherence (Android 16 incl.), Google Wallet + fingerprint
compatibility (PR #26/#27), and removal of the in-module PIF/bulletin
resolvers. Frozen at gitCommitCount 251.

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -149,3 +149,21 @@ jobs:
         env:
           VER: ${{ steps.ver.outputs.version }}
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Bump update.json
+        run: |
+          COUNT=$(git rev-list HEAD --count)
+          RELEASE_NAME=$(basename zips/*Release*.zip)
+          ZIP_URL="https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/releases/download/${VER}/${RELEASE_NAME}"
+          jq ".versionCode = $COUNT | .zipUrl = \"$ZIP_URL\"" module/update.json > /tmp/update.json
+          mv /tmp/update.json module/update.json
+          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
+          git config user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+          git add module/update.json
+          git diff --cached --quiet || {
+            git commit -m "chore(release): bump update.json to $VER [skip ci]"
+            git push origin HEAD:main
+          }
+        env:
+          VER: ${{ steps.ver.outputs.version }}
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

README.md

@@ -1,259 +1,139 @@
 <p align="center">
-  <h1 align="center">🔐 TEESimulator</h1>
+  <h1 align="center">TEESimulator-RS</h1>
   <p align="center"><b>Full TEE Emulation for Rooted Android</b></p>
-  <p align="center">Hardware attestation. Software keys. Zero detection.</p>
   <p align="center">
-    <a href="https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator/actions/workflows/build.yml"><img src="https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator/actions/workflows/build.yml/badge.svg" alt="Build"></a>
+    <a href="https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator-RS/actions/workflows/build.yml"><img src="https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator-RS/actions/workflows/build.yml/badge.svg" alt="Build"></a>
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/version-v4.2-blue?style=for-the-badge" alt="v4.2">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Android-10%2B-green?logo=android" alt="Android 10+">
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Android-10%2B-green?style=for-the-badge&logo=android" alt="Android 10+">
+    <a href="https://t.me/superpowers9"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Telegram-community-blue?logo=telegram" alt="Telegram"></a>
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Telegram-community-blue?style=for-the-badge&logo=telegram" alt="Telegram">
   </p>
 </p>
 
 ---
 
 > [!NOTE]
-> **This is a personal fork of [JingMatrix/TEESimulator](https://github.com/JingMatrix/TEESimulator)** with additional hardening, native Rust certificate generation, key persistence, and anti-detection features. For the upstream project, see the original repo.
+> Fork of [JingMatrix/TEESimulator](https://github.com/JingMatrix/TEESimulator) with native Rust certificate generation, key persistence, and AOSP-compliant attestation behavior. For the upstream project, see the original repo.
 
----
+## What It Does
 
-## 🧬 What is TEESimulator?
+TEESimulator intercepts Binder IPC at the `ioctl` level inside the `keystore2` process and generates entire certificate chains from scratch, signed by your keybox, with correct attestation extensions. Apps that verify hardware attestation see a legitimate device.
 
-TEESimulator is a **complete software simulation** of Android's hardware-backed [Trusted Execution Environment](https://source.android.com/docs/security/features/trusty) for [Key Attestation](https://developer.android.com/privacy-and-security/security-key-attestation). Instead of patching certificates from the real TEE after the fact, TEESimulator intercepts Binder IPC at the `ioctl` level and generates entire certificate chains from scratch — signed by your keybox, with correct attestation extensions, indistinguishable from hardware-generated keys.
+This is not TrickyStore. TEESimulator replaces TrickyStore and its forks entirely. It shares the same config paths for drop-in compatibility, but the internals are different: native Rust cert generation, binder-level interception via `lsplt`, per-UID rate limiting, key persistence, and AOSP-spec attestation behavior.
 
-The result: **apps that verify hardware attestation see a legitimate, unmodified device** — even on rooted hardware with an unlocked bootloader.
+## Requirements
-
-> **This is not TrickyStore.** TEESimulator replaces TrickyStore and its forks entirely. It shares the same config paths for drop-in compatibility, but the architecture is fundamentally different: native Rust certificate generation, binder-level interception via `lsplt`, per-UID rate limiting, key persistence, and a multi-layer defense against detector apps.
-
----
-
-## 🔥 Why TEESimulator?
-
-🔐 **Native Cert Generation** — v4.0 generates X.509 certificate chains in Rust with `ring` and manual DER encoding. No BouncyCastle overhead, no Java crypto quirks, byte-perfect issuer chain linkage.
-
-🎯 **Binder-Level Interception** — Hooks `ioctl()` on `libc.so` via `lsplt` inside the `keystore2` process. Intercepts `generateKey`, `importKey`, and `getKeyEntry` transactions before the HAL ever sees them.
-
-🛡️ **Detector Resistant** — Per-UID rate limiting blocks DuckDetector-style keygen flooding. Oversized challenges rejected with real KeyMint error codes. Chain consistency verified byte-for-byte.
-
-💾 **Key Persistence** — Generated keys survive reboots. Apps that store attestation keys (banking, biometrics) don't break after a restart.
-
-🔧 **Drop-In Replacement** — Same config paths as TrickyStore (`/data/adb/tricky_store/`). Swap the module ZIP, keep your keybox and target list.
-
----
-
-## ✨ Features
-
-**Core Attestation Engine**
-- [x] **Full certificate chain generation** — leaf + intermediates + root, signed by your keybox
-- [x] **Native Rust certgen** — `libcertgen.so` built with `ring`, `rsa`, and manual DER assembly
-- [x] **BouncyCastle fallback** — unsupported curves (P-224, P-521, Curve25519) fall back to Java
-- [x] **ASN.1 attestation extensions** — OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.1.17 with all AOSP-specified tags
-- [x] **Multi-keybox support** — different keybox files per app group via `target.txt`
-
-**Interception Layer**
-- [x] **Binder ioctl hook** — `lsplt` PLT hook on `libc.so` inside `keystore2` process
-- [x] **generateKey / importKey / getKeyEntry** — all three transaction types intercepted
-- [x] **256KB native payload cap** — oversized binder payloads bypass interception cleanly
-- [x] **Challenge validation** — rejects >128-byte attestation challenges with `INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH`
-
-**Hardening**
-- [x] **Per-UID rate limiter** — 2 hardware keygens per 30s burst window, software fallback on overflow
-- [x] **importKey eviction guard** — retained patch chains prevent generate-then-import cache attacks
-- [x] **Key persistence** — file-backed storage with file-level locking, survives reboots and keybox rotations
-- [x] **Global exception handler** — uncaught exceptions logged, daemon stays alive
-
-**Configuration**
-- [x] **Live config reload** — `FileObserver` watches all config files, changes apply immediately
-- [x] **Security patch spoofing** — per-package `system`, `vendor`, `boot` patch levels with dynamic templates
-- [x] **Lifecycle scripts** — KSU Action button clears key cache, uninstall removes all traces
-
----
-
-## 📋 Requirements
 
 > [!IMPORTANT]
-> TEESimulator requires root access and a valid `keybox.xml` for hardware-level attestation results. Without a keybox, the module generates software-level certificates that won't pass strict hardware attestation checks.
+> A valid `keybox.xml` is required for hardware-level attestation. Without one, the module generates software-level certificates that won't pass strict hardware checks.
 
-**You need:**
+1. Android 10+
-1. Android 10 or above
+2. Root manager: KernelSU, Magisk, or APatch
-2. A supported root manager (KernelSU, Magisk, or APatch)
+3. `keybox.xml` at `/data/adb/tricky_store/keybox.xml`
-3. A hardware-backed `keybox.xml` placed at `/data/adb/tricky_store/keybox.xml`
 
----
+## Quick Start
 
-## 📱 Compatibility
+1. Download the latest ZIP from [Releases](https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator-RS/releases)
+2. Install via your root manager and reboot
+3. Place your keybox at `/data/adb/tricky_store/keybox.xml`
+4. Configure targets in `/data/adb/tricky_store/target.txt`
+5. Verify with Play Integrity or Key Attestation Demo
 
-### Root Managers
+## Architecture
 
-| Manager | Status | Notes |
+**Native Cert Generation** — `libcertgen.so` generates X.509 chains in Rust using `ring` and manual DER encoding. BouncyCastle fallback for unsupported curves (P-224, P-521, Curve25519).
-|---|---|---|
-| KernelSU | ✅ Tested | Full support including Action button and lifecycle scripts |
-| Magisk | ✅ Supported | Standard module install |
-| APatch | ✅ Supported | Standard module install |
 
-### Tested Devices
+**Binder Interception** — PLT hook on `ioctl()` in `libc.so` via `lsplt` inside `keystore2`. Intercepts `generateKey`, `importKey`, and `getKeyEntry` transactions.
 
-| Device | Android | TEE | Status |
+**AOSP Compliance** — Self-signed certs for non-attested keys (matching `ta/src/keys.rs`), correct AuthorizationList tag ordering, version-guarded extension fields, `authorize_create` enforcement.
-|---|---|---|---|
-| Redmi 14C (2409BRN2CA) | 14 (SDK 34) | Beanpod KeyMaster | ✅ Daily driver |
 
-> Tested against DuckDetector, Luna, Play Integrity, and Key Attestation Demo. If you test on a different device, [open an issue](https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator/issues) with your results.
+**Key Persistence** — Generated keys survive reboots. File-backed with file-level locking.
 
----
+**Rate Limiting** — Per-UID hardware keygen cap (2/30s window, 2 concurrent). Overflow falls to software certs.
 
-## 🚀 Quick Start
+## Configuration
 
-1. **Download** the latest release ZIP from [Releases](https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator/releases)
+All config files live at `/data/adb/tricky_store/` and are hot-reloaded via `FileObserver`.
-2. **Install** via your root manager (KSU / Magisk / APatch) and reboot
-3. **Place your keybox** at `/data/adb/tricky_store/keybox.xml`
-4. **Configure targets** in `/data/adb/tricky_store/target.txt`
-5. **Verify** — check Play Integrity or run Key Attestation Demo
 
-TEESimulator replaces TrickyStore, TrickyStoreOSS, and their forks. Existing config files are compatible.
+### target.txt
 
----
+Controls which apps get intercepted and the simulation mode.
 
-## 🔨 Building from Source
+| Suffix | Mode |
+|--------|------|
+| `!` | Force software key generation |
+| `?` | Force leaf certificate patching (real TEE key, patched cert) |
+| *(none)* | Automatic selection |
 
-The CI workflow builds on every push to `main`. You can also build locally or trigger a build from your own fork.
+Multi-keybox support via `[filename.xml]` headers:
-
-**Prerequisites:** JDK 21, Android SDK/NDK 27, Rust stable with `aarch64-linux-android` target, `cargo-ndk`.
-
-```bash
-git clone https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator.git
-cd TEESimulator
-./gradlew zipRelease zipDebug
-```
-
-Output ZIPs land in `out/`. The Gradle build automatically invokes `cargo ndk` to cross-compile `libcertgen.so` before packaging.
-
-To rebuild from a fork, push to `main` or use **Actions → Build → Run workflow**. The workflow installs all toolchains (Java, Rust, cargo-ndk, ccache) and uploads Release + Debug ZIPs as artifacts.
-
----
-
-## ⚙️ Configuration
-
-All configuration files live at `/data/adb/tricky_store/` and are monitored by `FileObserver` — changes take effect immediately without rebooting.
-
-### The `keybox.xml` Root of Trust
-
-This file provides the master cryptographic identity. It contains a private key and a hardware-backed certificate chain from a real device. TEESimulator signs all generated certificates with this key, making them appear legitimate to verifiers.
-
-```xml
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<AndroidAttestation>
-    <Keybox DeviceID="...">
-        <Key algorithm="ecdsa|rsa">
-            <PrivateKey format="pem">...</PrivateKey>
-            <CertificateChain>...</CertificateChain>
-        </Key>
-    </Keybox>
-</AndroidAttestation>
-```
-
-### Target Packages (`target.txt`)
-
-Controls which apps get intercepted and what simulation mode to use.
-
-#### Mode Suffixes
-
-*   **`!` → Force Generation** — Creates a complete software-based virtual key. Full TEE simulation.
-*   **`?` → Force Leaf Hacking** — Real TEE key generated, but its attestation certificate is intercepted and patched.
-*   **No symbol → Automatic** — Module selects the best mode for your device.
-
-#### Multi-Keybox
-
-Specify different keybox files for different app groups. Apps listed after a `[filename.xml]` line use that keybox. Apps before any declaration use the default `keybox.xml`.
 
 ```
-# Default keybox
 com.google.android.gms!
 io.github.vvb2060.keyattestation?
 
-# Switch to a different keybox for the following apps
 [aosp_keybox.xml]
 com.google.android.gsf
-
-# Another keybox
-[demo_keybox.xml]
-org.matrix.demo
 ```
 
-### Security Patch Level (`security_patch.txt`)
+### security_patch.txt
 
-Configure the `osPatchLevel`, `vendorPatchLevel`, and `bootPatchLevel` reported in attestation certificates. This only affects attestation data — it does not change actual system properties.
+Override patch levels reported in attestation certificates. Global defaults at top, per-package overrides with `[package.name]`.
-
-#### Global and Per-Package
-
-Settings at the top of the file are global defaults. Add `[package.name]` to override for specific apps.
-
-#### Keys
 
 | Key | Scope |
-|---|---|
+|-----|-------|
 | `system` | OS patch level |
 | `vendor` | Vendor patch level |
 | `boot` | Boot/kernel patch level |
-| `all` | Shorthand — sets all three at once |
+| `all` | Sets all three |
 
-#### Special Keywords
+Special values: `today`, `YYYY-MM-DD` templates, `no` (omit tag), `device_default`, `prop` (read from system property).
-
-| Keyword | Effect |
-|---|---|
-| `today` | Current date, dynamically resolved on each attestation |
-| `YYYY-MM-DD` templates | Semi-dynamic — `YYYY-MM-05` resolves to the 5th of the current month |
-| `no` | Omit this patch level tag entirely from the attestation |
-| `device_default` | Use the device's real hardware value |
-| `prop` | Read from `ro.build.version.security_patch` (matches what detectors see via getprop) |
-
-#### Example
 
 ```
-# Global — default for all apps
 system=YYYY-MM-05
 vendor=device_default
 boot=no
 
-# Override for GMS
 [com.google.android.gms]
-system=2024-10-01
+system=2025-10-01
-
-# Custom config for a demo app
-[org.matrix.demo]
-all=2025-09-15
-boot=device_default
 ```
 
----
+## Building from Source
 
-## 💬 Community
+Prerequisites: JDK 21, Android SDK/NDK 27, Rust stable with `aarch64-linux-android` target, `cargo-ndk`.
+
+```bash
+git clone --recursive https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator-RS.git
+cd TEESimulator-RS
+./gradlew zipRelease zipDebug
+```
+
+Output ZIPs in `out/`. Gradle invokes `cargo ndk` automatically to cross-compile `libcertgen.so`.
+
+Push to `main` or use **Actions > Build > Run workflow** to trigger CI.
+
+## Compatibility
+
+| Root Manager | Status |
+|---|---|
+| KernelSU | Tested (Action button + lifecycle scripts) |
+| Magisk | Supported |
+| APatch | Supported |
+
+## Community
 
 <p align="center">
   <a href="https://t.me/superpowers9">
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/⚡_JOIN_THE_GRID-SuperPowers_Telegram-black?style=for-the-badge&logo=telegram&logoColor=cyan&labelColor=0d1117&color=00d4ff" alt="Telegram">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/SuperPowers_Telegram-Join-blue?style=for-the-badge&logo=telegram" alt="Telegram">
   </a>
 </p>
 
----
+## Credits
 
-## 🙏 Credits
+- [JingMatrix](https://github.com/JingMatrix/TEESimulator) — original TEESimulator and interception architecture
+- [5ec1cff](https://github.com/5ec1cff/TrickyStore) — TrickyStore, the project that pioneered keystore interception
+- [LSPlt](https://github.com/LSPosed/LSPlt) — PLT hook library
+- [ring](https://github.com/briansmith/ring) — Rust cryptography library
+- [MhmRdd](https://github.com/MhmRdd) — AOSP compliance work via upstream [PR #157](https://github.com/JingMatrix/TEESimulator/pull/157)
+- [fatalcoder524](https://github.com/fatalcoder524) — contributor and collaborator
+- [huguangares](https://github.com/huguangares) — collaborator and tester
 
-- **[JingMatrix](https://github.com/JingMatrix/TEESimulator)** — original author of TEESimulator and the interception architecture
+## License
-- **[5ec1cff](https://github.com/5ec1cff/TrickyStore)** — TrickyStore, the project that pioneered keystore interception on Android
-- **[LSPlt](https://github.com/LSPosed/LSPlt)** — PLT hook library used for binder interception
-- **[ring](https://github.com/briansmith/ring)** — Rust cryptography library powering native cert generation
-- **[MhmRdd](https://github.com/MhmRdd)** — AOSP compliance improvements via upstream [PR #157](https://github.com/JingMatrix/TEESimulator/pull/157), including authorize_create enforcement, attestation extension alignment, and binder transaction filtering
-- **[fatalcoder524](https://github.com/fatalcoder524)** — a real contributor and collaborator on this project
-- **[huguangares](https://github.com/huguangares)** — collaborator and tester
 
----
+[GNU General Public License v3.0](LICENSE)
-
-## 📄 License
-
-This project is licensed under the [GNU General Public License v3.0](LICENSE).
-
----
-
-<p align="center">
-  <b>🔐 Because the best attestation is the one the TEE never generated.</b>
-</p>

app/build.gradle.kts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import com.android.build.api.artifact.SingleArtifact
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
 import javax.inject.Inject
 import org.gradle.process.ExecOperations
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
 
 plugins {
     alias(libs.plugins.android.application)
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ val gitExecutor = objects.newInstance(GitExecutor::class.java)
 
 val gitCommitCount = gitExecutor.execute("git rev-list HEAD --count", rootDir).toInt()
 val gitCommitHash = gitExecutor.execute("git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD", rootDir)
-val verName = "v5.0"
+val verName = "v6.0.1"
 
 android {
     namespace = "org.matrix.TEESimulator"
@@ -65,6 +66,12 @@ android {
     }
 }
 
+kotlin {
+    compilerOptions {
+        jvmTarget.set(JvmTarget.JVM_21)
+    }
+}
+
 dependencies {
     compileOnly(project(":stub"))
     compileOnly(libs.annotation)
@@ -91,6 +98,7 @@ val buildRustCertgen by tasks.registering(Exec::class) {
     outputs.dir(rootProject.projectDir.resolve("app/src/main/jniLibs"))
 
     environment("ANDROID_NDK_HOME", android.ndkDirectory.absolutePath)
+    environment("PATH", "${System.getProperty("user.home")}/.cargo/bin:${System.getenv("PATH") ?: ""}")
 }
 
 // AGP auto-detects jniLibs/ as an input to mergeJniLibFolders — wire the dependency
@@ -100,6 +108,34 @@ tasks.configureEach {
     }
 }
 
+// Auto-rewrite module/update.json on every packaging build so versionCode and
+// zipUrl track gitCommitCount automatically, matching module.prop.
+val refreshUpdateJson by tasks.registering {
+    group = "TEESimulator-RS Module Packaging"
+    description = "Rewrite module/update.json to match current verName and gitCommitCount."
+
+    val updateJsonFile = rootProject.projectDir.resolve("module/update.json")
+    val capturedVerName = verName
+    val capturedCount = gitCommitCount
+
+    inputs.property("verName", capturedVerName)
+    inputs.property("gitCommitCount", capturedCount)
+    outputs.file(updateJsonFile)
+
+    doLast {
+        val fullVer = "$capturedVerName-$capturedCount"
+        updateJsonFile.writeText(
+            """{
+  "version": "$fullVer",
+  "versionCode": $capturedCount,
+  "zipUrl": "https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator-RS/releases/download/$fullVer/TEESimulator-RS-$fullVer-Release.zip",
+  "changelog": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator-RS/main/module/changelog.md"
+}
+"""
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 androidComponents {
     onVariants(selector().all()) { variant ->
         val capitalized = variant.name.replaceFirstChar { it.uppercase() }
@@ -124,6 +160,7 @@ androidComponents {
                     dependsOn("strip${capitalized}DebugSymbols")
                 }
                 dependsOn(buildRustCertgen)
+                dependsOn(refreshUpdateJson)
 
                 if (isDebug) {
                     from(variant.artifacts.get(SingleArtifact.APK)) {

app/src/main/cpp/binder_interceptor.cpp

@@ -350,16 +350,10 @@ static sp<BinderStub> g_stub_instance = nullptr;
 
 namespace {
 
-constexpr binder_size_t kMaxInterceptableDataSize = 256 * 1024;
-
 void inspectAndRewriteTransaction(binder_transaction_data *txn_data) {
     if (!txn_data || txn_data->target.ptr == 0)
         return;
 
-    // Bypass interception for oversized payloads to prevent thread starvation from flood attacks
-    if (txn_data->data_size > kMaxInterceptableDataSize)
-        return;
-
     // AIDL methods use codes in [FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION, LAST_CALL_TRANSACTION] (1..0x00ffffff).
     // System transactions (PING, INTERFACE, DUMP, SHELL_COMMAND) use codes above that range.
     // Skip those — intercepting a ping adds measurable latency that timing detectors flag.
@@ -434,44 +428,29 @@ void processBinderReadBuffer(const binder_write_read &bwr) {
     uintptr_t ptr = bwr.read_buffer;
     uintptr_t end = ptr + bwr.read_consumed;
 
-    LOGV("[Hook] Processing Read Buffer: Size=%llu, Consumed=%llu", bwr.read_size, bwr.read_consumed);
-
     while (ptr < end) {
-        // Ensure we can read at least the command header
         if (end - ptr < sizeof(uint32_t))
             break;
 
         uint32_t cmd = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(ptr);
         ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
-
-        // Calculate payload size from the ioctl command code
         size_t cmd_size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
 
-        // Log the command using our generated to-string function
-        LOGV("[Driver -> User] Command: %s (0x%x), DataSize: %zu", getBinderReturnCommandName(cmd), cmd, cmd_size);
-
-        // Safety check: ensure the command's data does not exceed the buffer
         if (ptr + cmd_size > end) {
-            LOGE("[Hook] Buffer overflow detected while parsing command %s", getBinderReturnCommandName(cmd));
+            LOGE("[Hook] Buffer overrun parsing command 0x%x", cmd);
             break;
         }
 
-        // We are primarily interested in BR_TRANSACTION commands to intercept
+        if (__builtin_expect(cmd == BR_TRANSACTION || cmd == BR_TRANSACTION_SEC_CTX, 0)) {
-        if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION || cmd == BR_TRANSACTION_SEC_CTX) {
+            binder_transaction_data *txn;
-            binder_transaction_data *txn = nullptr;
-
             if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION_SEC_CTX) {
-                // The data is wrapped in a secctx struct
+                txn = &reinterpret_cast<binder_transaction_data_secctx *>(ptr)->transaction_data;
-                auto *wrapper = reinterpret_cast<binder_transaction_data_secctx *>(ptr);
-                txn = &wrapper->transaction_data;
             } else {
                 txn = reinterpret_cast<binder_transaction_data *>(ptr);
             }
-
             inspectAndRewriteTransaction(txn);
         }
 
-        // Advance pointer to the next command
         ptr += cmd_size;
     }
 }
@@ -491,13 +470,17 @@ int intercepted_ioctl(int fd, int request, ...) {
     // 1. Call original kernel ioctl to let the driver do its work
     int result = g_original_ioctl(fd, request, arg);
 
-    // 2. After the call returns, check if it was a BINDER_WRITE_READ and if it succeeded
     if (result >= 0 && request == BINDER_WRITE_READ && arg != nullptr) {
         const auto *bwr = static_cast<const binder_write_read *>(arg);
-
+        // Fast reject: only enter the parser if the buffer could contain a BR_TRANSACTION.
-        // We only care about data read FROM the driver (i.e., incoming commands)
+        // Pings, ref ops, and looper management never produce BR_TRANSACTION, so scanning
-        if (bwr->read_consumed > 0) {
+        // their buffers is pure overhead (~2-5us per ioctl in debug builds).
-            processBinderReadBuffer(*bwr);
+        if (bwr->read_consumed >= sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+            uint32_t first_cmd = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(bwr->read_buffer);
+            if (first_cmd == BR_TRANSACTION || first_cmd == BR_TRANSACTION_SEC_CTX
+                || bwr->read_consumed > sizeof(uint32_t) + _IOC_SIZE(first_cmd)) {
+                processBinderReadBuffer(*bwr);
+            }
         }
     }
 

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/App.kt

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import android.content.Context
 import android.content.ContextWrapper
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Looper
+import java.io.File
 import java.security.Security
 import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider
+import org.matrix.TEESimulator.config.BootStateManager
 import org.matrix.TEESimulator.config.ConfigurationManager
 import org.matrix.TEESimulator.interception.keystore.AbstractKeystoreInterceptor
 import org.matrix.TEESimulator.interception.keystore.Keystore2Interceptor
@@ -38,12 +40,19 @@ object App {
         }
 
         try {
+            purgeDebugDiagnostics()
             prepareEnvironment()
-            // Initialize and start the appropriate keystore interceptors.
+
-            initializeInterceptors()
+            // Spoof boot-state props before any hook attaches, so keystore2's
+            // cached snapshot reflects the spoofed values.
+            BootStateManager.apply()
 
             // Load the package configuration.
             ConfigurationManager.initialize()
+
+            // Initialize and start the appropriate keystore interceptors.
+            initializeInterceptors()
+
             // Set up the device's boot key and hash, which are crucial for attestation.
             AndroidDeviceUtils.setupBootKeyAndHash()
 
@@ -64,6 +73,25 @@ object App {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Release builds never emit diagnostics. Sweep any `.bin` dumps a prior
+     * debug install left in the world-readable temp dir so they can't act as a
+     * detection artifact for apps that probe /data/local/tmp.
+     */
+    private fun purgeDebugDiagnostics() {
+        if (SystemLogger.isDebugBuild) return
+        val stale =
+            File("/data/local/tmp").listFiles { _, name ->
+                name.startsWith("teesim-") && name.endsWith(".bin")
+            } ?: return
+        stale.forEach { runCatching { it.delete() } }
+        if (stale.isNotEmpty()) {
+            // warning() bypasses the rate limiter, so this once-per-boot audit
+            // line survives the noisy startup window.
+            SystemLogger.warning("Purged ${stale.size} stale debug diagnostic(s) from /data/local/tmp")
+        }
+    }
+
     /** Initializes the necessary Android framework internals to satisfy KeyStore requirements. */
     private fun prepareEnvironment() {
         // 1. Prepare Main Looper

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/attestation/AttestationBuilder.kt

@@ -43,11 +43,12 @@ object AttestationBuilder {
         securityLevel: Int,
     ): Extension {
         val keyDescription = buildKeyDescription(params, uid, securityLevel)
-        var formattedString =
+        SystemLogger.verbose {
-            keyDescription.joinToString(separator = ", ") {
+            val formattedString = keyDescription.joinToString(separator = ", ") {
                 AttestationPatcher.formatAsn1Primitive(it)
             }
-        SystemLogger.verbose("Forged attestation data: ${formattedString}")
+            "Forged attestation data: $formattedString"
+        }
         return Extension(ATTESTATION_OID, false, DEROctetString(keyDescription.encoded))
     }
 

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/attestation/AttestationPatcher.kt

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import org.matrix.TEESimulator.logging.SystemLogger
 import org.matrix.TEESimulator.pki.KeyBox
 import org.matrix.TEESimulator.pki.KeyBoxManager
 import org.matrix.TEESimulator.util.toHex
+import java.util.Date
 
 /**
  * Handles the modification (patching) of Android Key Attestation extensions within certificates.
@@ -36,7 +37,12 @@ object AttestationPatcher {
      * @return A new, cryptographically valid, patched certificate chain. Returns the original chain
      *   on any failure.
      */
-    fun patchCertificateChain(originalChain: Array<Certificate>?, uid: Int): Array<Certificate> {
+    fun patchCertificateChain(
+        originalChain: Array<Certificate>?,
+        uid: Int,
+        notBefore: Date? = null,
+        notAfter: Date? = null,
+    ): Array<Certificate> {
         if (originalChain.isNullOrEmpty()) {
             SystemLogger.error("Attempted to patch a null or empty certificate chain for UID $uid.")
             return originalChain ?: emptyArray()
@@ -63,6 +69,8 @@ object AttestationPatcher {
                         keybox,
                         originalLeaf.sigAlgName,
                         uid,
+                        notBefore,
+                        notAfter,
                     )
 
                 // 4. Construct the NEW, VALID chain by prepending the patched leaf to the keybox's
@@ -111,17 +119,27 @@ object AttestationPatcher {
         keybox: KeyBox,
         sigAlgName: String,
         uid: Int,
+        notBefore: Date? = null,
+        notAfter: Date? = null,
     ): Certificate {
         // The issuer of our new leaf is the subject of the first certificate in our custom keybox
         // chain.
         val newIssuer = X509CertificateHolder(keybox.certificates[0].encoded).subject
 
+        val effectiveNotBefore = notBefore ?: originalLeafHolder.notBefore
+        val effectiveNotAfter = notAfter ?: originalLeafHolder.notAfter
+        if (notBefore != null || notAfter != null) {
+            SystemLogger.debug(
+                "Overriding cert dates: notBefore=${effectiveNotBefore} (was ${originalLeafHolder.notBefore}), notAfter=${effectiveNotAfter} (was ${originalLeafHolder.notAfter})"
+            )
+        }
+
         val builder =
             X509v3CertificateBuilder(
                 newIssuer,
                 originalLeafHolder.serialNumber,
-                originalLeafHolder.notBefore,
+                effectiveNotBefore,
-                originalLeafHolder.notAfter,
+                effectiveNotAfter,
                 originalLeafHolder.subject,
                 originalLeafHolder.subjectPublicKeyInfo,
             )
@@ -146,7 +164,7 @@ object AttestationPatcher {
         // Log the signature of the newly created certificate to observe its non-deterministic
         // nature.
         val signatureBytes = (newCertificate as X509Certificate).signature
-        SystemLogger.verbose("Signature of patched leaf cert: ${signatureBytes.toHex()}")
+        SystemLogger.verbose { "Signature of patched leaf cert: ${signatureBytes.toHex()}" }
 
         return newCertificate
     }
@@ -268,8 +286,10 @@ object AttestationPatcher {
     private fun createPatchedAttestationExtension(parsed: ParsedAttestation, uid: Int): Extension {
         val (allFields, teeEnforcedMap, originalRootOfTrust) = parsed
 
-        var formattedString = allFields.joinToString(separator = ", ") { formatAsn1Primitive(it) }
+        SystemLogger.verbose {
-        SystemLogger.verbose("Original attestation data: ${formattedString}")
+            val formattedString = allFields.joinToString(separator = ", ") { formatAsn1Primitive(it) }
+            "Original attestation data: $formattedString"
+        }
 
         // Build the new Root of Trust and add/replace it in the map.
         val newRootOfTrust = AttestationBuilder.buildRootOfTrust(originalRootOfTrust)
@@ -296,8 +316,10 @@ object AttestationPatcher {
 
         allFields[AttestationConstants.KEY_DESCRIPTION_TEE_ENFORCED_INDEX] = sortedTeeEnforced
         val patchedSequence = DERSequence(allFields)
-        formattedString = patchedSequence.joinToString(separator = ", ") { formatAsn1Primitive(it) }
+        SystemLogger.verbose {
-        SystemLogger.verbose("Patched  attestation data: ${formattedString}")
+            val formattedString = patchedSequence.joinToString(separator = ", ") { formatAsn1Primitive(it) }
+            "Patched  attestation data: $formattedString"
+        }
         val patchedOctets = DEROctetString(patchedSequence)
 
         return Extension(ATTESTATION_OID, false, patchedOctets)

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/attestation/DeviceAttestationService.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package org.matrix.TEESimulator.attestation
 
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint
+import android.os.Build
 import android.security.keystore.KeyGenParameterSpec
 import android.security.keystore.KeyProperties
 import java.security.KeyPairGenerator
@@ -60,12 +61,23 @@ object DeviceAttestationService {
     // A unique alias for the key used to perform the TEE functionality check.
     private const val TEE_CHECK_KEY_ALIAS = "TEESimulator_AttestationCheck"
 
+    // Alias for the device-ID attestation capability probe.
+    private const val DEVICE_ID_CHECK_KEY_ALIAS = "TEESimulator_DeviceIdCheck"
+
     /**
      * Lazily determines if the device's TEE is functional by attempting to generate an
      * attestation-backed key pair. The result is cached.
      */
     val isTeeFunctional: Boolean by lazy { checkTeeFunctionality() }
 
+    /**
+     * Lazily mirrors whether the real TEE can attest device identifiers/properties (the tags added
+     * by `setDevicePropertiesAttestationIncluded`). Hardware that never provisioned device IDs
+     * returns CANNOT_ATTEST_IDS; the synthesizer consults this so it never forges a capability the
+     * real silicon lacks. Cached.
+     */
+    val canAttestDeviceIds: Boolean by lazy { checkDeviceIdAttestation() }
+
     /**
      * Lazily fetches and parses attestation data from a genuinely generated certificate. The result
      * is cached. Returns null if the TEE is not functional or parsing fails.
@@ -106,6 +118,37 @@ object DeviceAttestationService {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Probes whether the real TEE can satisfy device-ID/property attestation, mirroring its actual
+     * capability. Gated behind [isTeeFunctional] so a dead TEE never triggers a second doomed
+     * probe — it simply reports `false` (cannot attest), the faithful result for such hardware.
+     */
+    private fun checkDeviceIdAttestation(): Boolean {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.S) return false
+        if (!isTeeFunctional) return false
+        return try {
+            val keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("AndroidKeyStore").apply { load(null) }
+            val keyPairGenerator =
+                KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_EC, "AndroidKeyStore")
+            val challenge = ByteArray(16).apply { SecureRandom().nextBytes(this) }
+            val spec =
+                KeyGenParameterSpec.Builder(DEVICE_ID_CHECK_KEY_ALIAS, KeyProperties.PURPOSE_SIGN)
+                    .setAlgorithmParameterSpec(ECGenParameterSpec("secp256r1"))
+                    .setDigests(KeyProperties.DIGEST_SHA256)
+                    .setAttestationChallenge(challenge)
+                    .setDevicePropertiesAttestationIncluded(true)
+                    .build()
+            keyPairGenerator.initialize(spec)
+            keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair()
+            runCatching { keyStore.deleteEntry(DEVICE_ID_CHECK_KEY_ALIAS) }
+            SystemLogger.info("Device-ID attestation supported by TEE.")
+            true
+        } catch (_: Exception) {
+            SystemLogger.info("Device-ID attestation not supported by TEE; mirroring as cannot-attest.")
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Retrieves the attestation certificate generated during the TEE check. The key entry is
      * deleted after retrieval to clean up.
@@ -148,11 +191,12 @@ object DeviceAttestationService {
 
             // The extension's value is an ASN.1 sequence.
             val keyDescriptionSeq = ASN1Sequence.getInstance(extension.extnValue.octets)
-            var formattedString =
+            SystemLogger.verbose {
-                keyDescriptionSeq.joinToString(separator = ", ") {
+                val formattedString = keyDescriptionSeq.joinToString(separator = ", ") {
                     AttestationPatcher.formatAsn1Primitive(it)
                 }
-            SystemLogger.verbose("Cached attestation data: ${formattedString}")
+                "Cached attestation data: $formattedString"
+            }
             val fields = keyDescriptionSeq.toArray()
 
             val attestVersion =

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/attestation/KeyMintAttestation.kt

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ data class KeyMintAttestation(
     val usageExpireDateTime: Date?,
     val usageCountLimit: Int?,
     val callerNonce: Boolean?,
+    val nonce: ByteArray?,
     val unlockedDeviceRequired: Boolean?,
     val includeUniqueId: Boolean?,
     val rollbackResistance: Boolean?,
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ data class KeyMintAttestation(
         usageExpireDateTime = params.findDate(Tag.USAGE_EXPIRE_DATETIME),
         usageCountLimit = params.findInteger(Tag.USAGE_COUNT_LIMIT),
         callerNonce = params.findBoolean(Tag.CALLER_NONCE),
+        nonce = params.findBlob(Tag.NONCE),
         unlockedDeviceRequired = params.findBoolean(Tag.UNLOCKED_DEVICE_REQUIRED),
         includeUniqueId = params.findBoolean(Tag.INCLUDE_UNIQUE_ID),
         rollbackResistance = params.findBoolean(Tag.ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE),

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/config/BootStateManager.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package org.matrix.TEESimulator.config
+
+import android.os.SystemProperties
+import org.matrix.TEESimulator.logging.SystemLogger
+import org.matrix.TEESimulator.util.AndroidDeviceUtils
+
+object BootStateManager {
+    private val targets =
+        linkedMapOf(
+            "ro.boot.verifiedbootstate" to "green",
+            "ro.boot.flash.locked" to "1",
+            "ro.boot.veritymode" to "enforcing",
+            "ro.boot.vbmeta.device_state" to "locked",
+        )
+
+    private val fillIfAbsent =
+        linkedMapOf(
+            "ro.boot.vbmeta.invalidate_on_error" to "yes",
+            "ro.boot.vbmeta.avb_version" to "1.2",
+            "ro.boot.vbmeta.hash_alg" to "sha256",
+            "ro.boot.vbmeta.size" to "11904",
+        )
+
+    fun apply() {
+        for ((name, target) in targets) {
+            val current = SystemProperties.get(name, "")
+            if (current.isEmpty()) {
+                SystemLogger.debug("BootStateManager: $name absent on this device, skip")
+                continue
+            }
+            if (current == target) {
+                SystemLogger.debug("BootStateManager: $name already $target, skip")
+                continue
+            }
+            SystemLogger.info("BootStateManager: setting $name=$target (was: '$current')")
+            AndroidDeviceUtils.setProperty(name, target)
+        }
+        for ((name, value) in fillIfAbsent) {
+            val current = SystemProperties.get(name, "")
+            if (current.isNotEmpty()) {
+                SystemLogger.debug("BootStateManager: $name already '$current', skip")
+                continue
+            }
+            SystemLogger.info("BootStateManager: filling absent $name=$value")
+            AndroidDeviceUtils.setProperty(name, value)
+        }
+    }
+}

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/config/ConfigurationManager.kt

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import android.os.IBinder
 import android.os.ServiceManager
 import java.io.File
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
+import org.matrix.TEESimulator.attestation.DeviceAttestationService
 import org.matrix.TEESimulator.logging.SystemLogger
 import org.matrix.TEESimulator.pki.KeyBoxManager
 
@@ -92,7 +93,16 @@ object ConfigurationManager {
 
     fun shouldSkipUid(uid: Int): Boolean = getPackageModeForUid(uid) == null
 
-    fun isAutoMode(uid: Int): Boolean = getPackageModeForUid(uid) == Mode.AUTO
+    fun isAutoMode(uid: Int): Boolean {
+        for (pkg in getPackagesForUid(uid)) {
+            when (packageModes[pkg]) {
+                Mode.GENERATE, Mode.PATCH -> return false
+                Mode.AUTO -> return true
+                null -> continue
+            }
+        }
+        return false
+    }
 
     private fun getPackageModeForUid(uid: Int): Mode? {
         val packages = getPackagesForUid(uid)
@@ -102,7 +112,7 @@ object ConfigurationManager {
             when (packageModes[pkg]) {
                 Mode.GENERATE -> return Mode.GENERATE
                 Mode.PATCH -> return Mode.PATCH
-                Mode.AUTO -> return Mode.AUTO
+                Mode.AUTO -> return if (DeviceAttestationService.isTeeFunctional) Mode.PATCH else Mode.GENERATE
                 null -> continue
             }
         }
@@ -164,7 +174,6 @@ object ConfigurationManager {
                         newModes[pkg] = Mode.PATCH
                         newKeyboxes[pkg] = currentKeybox
                     }
-                    // No suffix means AUTO mode.
                     else -> {
                         newModes[trimmedLine] = Mode.AUTO
                         newKeyboxes[trimmedLine] = currentKeybox
@@ -297,10 +306,15 @@ object ConfigurationManager {
                         )
                         KeyBoxManager.invalidateCache(path)
                         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
-                            // Clear cached keys possibly containing old certificates
+                            // Drop only the patched cert chains so the next
+                            // attestation request re-signs with the new keybox.
+                            // Do NOT drop generatedKeys — that would destroy
+                            // every alias/private key in memory and on disk,
+                            // logging users out of any app that pinned a
+                            // persisted keystore alias.
                             org.matrix.TEESimulator.interception.keystore.shim
                                 .KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor
-                                .clearAllGeneratedKeys("updating $file")
+                                .invalidatePatchedChains("updating $file")
                         }
                     }
             }

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/interception/keystore/InterceptorUtils.kt

@@ -19,10 +19,27 @@ object InterceptorUtils {
 
     private const val EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC = -8
 
+    private fun synthesizeSseMessage(errorCode: Int): String =
+        when (errorCode) {
+            2 -> "Error::Rc(SYSTEM_ERROR)"
+            4 -> "Error::Rc(PERMISSION_DENIED)"
+            6 -> "Error::Rc(VALUE_CORRUPTED)"
+            7 -> "Error::Rc(KEY_NOT_FOUND)"
+            10 -> "Error::Rc(BACKEND_BUSY)"
+            -3 -> "Error::Km(UNSUPPORTED_KEY_SIZE)"
+            -6 -> "Error::Km(INCOMPATIBLE_PURPOSE)"
+            -7 -> "Error::Km(INCOMPATIBLE_ALGORITHM)"
+            -29 -> "Error::Km(TOO_MANY_OPERATIONS)"
+            -49 -> "Error::Km(UNSUPPORTED_TAG)"
+            -75 -> "Error::Km(INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH)"
+            -76 -> "Error::Km(INVALID_TAG)"
+            else -> if (errorCode > 0) "Error::Rc($errorCode)" else "Error::Km($errorCode)"
+        }
+
     fun createErrorReply(errorCode: Int): BinderInterceptor.TransactionResult.OverrideReply {
         val parcel = Parcel.obtain().apply {
             writeInt(EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC)
-            writeString(null)
+            writeString(synthesizeSseMessage(errorCode))
             writeInt(0) // empty remote stack trace header (AOSP Status.cpp:196)
             writeInt(errorCode)
         }
@@ -99,12 +116,21 @@ object InterceptorUtils {
     fun <T : Parcelable?> createTypedObjectReply(
         obj: T,
         flags: Int = 0,
+        diagnosticTag: String? = null,
     ): BinderInterceptor.TransactionResult.OverrideReply {
         val parcel =
             Parcel.obtain().apply {
                 writeNoException()
                 writeTypedObject(obj, flags)
             }
+        if (diagnosticTag != null && SystemLogger.isDebugBuild) {
+            val savedPos = parcel.dataPosition()
+            val wire = parcel.marshall()
+            parcel.setDataPosition(savedPos)
+            val path = "/data/local/tmp/teesim-$diagnosticTag.bin"
+            runCatching { java.io.File(path).writeBytes(wire) }
+            SystemLogger.debug("[$diagnosticTag] reply len=${wire.size} path=$path")
+        }
         return BinderInterceptor.TransactionResult.OverrideReply(parcel)
     }
 
@@ -132,12 +158,25 @@ object InterceptorUtils {
 
     fun createServiceSpecificErrorReply(
         errorCode: Int
-    ): BinderInterceptor.TransactionResult.OverrideReply {
+    ): BinderInterceptor.TransactionResult.OverrideReply = createErrorReply(errorCode)
-        val parcel =
+
-            Parcel.obtain().apply {
+    fun normalizeServiceSpecificReply(reply: Parcel): Parcel? {
-                writeException(android.os.ServiceSpecificException(errorCode))
+        reply.setDataPosition(0)
-            }
+        if (reply.readInt() != EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC) {
-        return BinderInterceptor.TransactionResult.OverrideReply(parcel)
+            reply.setDataPosition(0)
+            return null
+        }
+        // Advance position past message and stack header to reach errorCode.
+        reply.readString()
+        reply.readInt()
+        val errorCode = reply.readInt()
+        reply.setDataPosition(0)
+        return Parcel.obtain().apply {
+            writeInt(EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC)
+            writeString(synthesizeSseMessage(errorCode))
+            writeInt(0)
+            writeInt(errorCode)
+        }
     }
 
     fun patchAuthorizations(

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/interception/keystore/Keystore2Interceptor.kt

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import android.hardware.security.keymint.SecurityLevel
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.IBinder
 import android.os.Parcel
+import android.os.ServiceManager
 import android.system.keystore2.Domain
 import android.system.keystore2.IKeystoreService
 import android.system.keystore2.KeyDescriptor
@@ -48,6 +49,8 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
         else null
     private val GET_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES_TRANSACTION =
         InterceptorUtils.getTransactCode(stubBinderClass, "getNumberOfEntries")
+    private val GRANT_TRANSACTION = InterceptorUtils.getTransactCode(stubBinderClass, "grant")
+    private val UNGRANT_TRANSACTION = InterceptorUtils.getTransactCode(stubBinderClass, "ungrant")
 
     private val transactionNames: Map<Int, String> by lazy {
         stubBinderClass.declaredFields
@@ -59,9 +62,21 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
     }
 
     private const val RESPONSE_KEY_NOT_FOUND = 7
+    private const val RESPONSE_PERMISSION_DENIED = 6
+
+    // KeyStoreManager.grantKeyAccess() became a public app API in Android 16 (API 36). Before that,
+    // grant was a hidden API and SELinux denied untrusted_app, so a synthetic-key grant must answer
+    // PERMISSION_DENIED pre-36 and a coherent virtualized grant on 36+.
+    private const val GRANT_PUBLIC_API_SDK = 36
     private val deletedSoftwareKeys: MutableSet<KeyIdentifier> = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet()
     private val userUpdatedKeys = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet<KeyIdentifier>()
 
+    fun forgetDeletedKey(keyId: KeyIdentifier) {
+        if (deletedSoftwareKeys.remove(keyId)) {
+            SystemLogger.debug("Cleared deletion marker for ${keyId.alias}")
+        }
+    }
+
     override val serviceName = "android.system.keystore2.IKeystoreService/default"
     override val processName = "keystore2"
     override val injectionCommand = "exec ./inject `pidof keystore2` libTEESimulator.so entry"
@@ -74,6 +89,8 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
                 LIST_ENTRIES_TRANSACTION,
                 LIST_ENTRIES_BATCHED_TRANSACTION,
                 GET_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES_TRANSACTION,
+                GRANT_TRANSACTION,
+                UNGRANT_TRANSACTION,
             )
             .toIntArray()
     }
@@ -85,6 +102,27 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
     override fun onInterceptorReady(service: IBinder, backdoor: IBinder) {
         val keystoreInterface = IKeystoreService.Stub.asInterface(service)
         setupSecurityLevelInterceptors(keystoreInterface, backdoor)
+        setupMaintenanceInterceptor(backdoor)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Hooks the keystore2 daemon's `android.security.maintenance` binder, which is hosted by the
+     * same process, so synthetic key state follows real key-lifecycle events. Best-effort: if the
+     * service is absent the synthetic plane simply forgoes lifecycle parity.
+     */
+    private fun setupMaintenanceInterceptor(backdoor: IBinder) {
+        runCatching {
+                ServiceManager.getService("android.security.maintenance")?.let { maintenance ->
+                    SystemLogger.info("Found maintenance binder. Registering interceptor...")
+                    register(
+                        backdoor,
+                        maintenance,
+                        Keystore2MaintenanceInterceptor,
+                        Keystore2MaintenanceInterceptor.interceptedCodes,
+                    )
+                } ?: SystemLogger.warning("Maintenance binder not found; skipping lifecycle parity.")
+            }
+            .onFailure { SystemLogger.error("Failed to intercept maintenance binder.", it) }
     }
 
     private fun setupSecurityLevelInterceptors(service: IKeystoreService, backdoor: IBinder) {
@@ -169,17 +207,46 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
         ) {
             logTransaction(txId, transactionNames[code]!!, callingUid, callingPid)
 
-            if (ConfigurationManager.shouldSkipUid(callingUid))
+            if (code == UPDATE_SUBCOMPONENT_TRANSACTION) {
-                return TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
+                if (ConfigurationManager.shouldSkipUid(callingUid))
-
+                    return TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
-            if (code == UPDATE_SUBCOMPONENT_TRANSACTION)
                 return handleUpdateSubcomponent(callingUid, data)
+            }
 
             data.enforceInterface(IKeystoreService.DESCRIPTOR)
             val descriptor =
                 data.readTypedObject(KeyDescriptor.CREATOR)
                     ?: return TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
 
+            // Domain.GRANT read (Android 16+ KeyStoreManager grant). Served for ANY grantee uid —
+            // including isolated services (bindIsolatedService) with no package mapping — so resolve
+            // it before the package-scoped skip; caller-binding in resolveGrant() is the real access
+            // gate. On Android <= 15 no grants are ever issued (grant() denies), so softwareGrants is
+            // empty and this falls through to the real keystore2.
+            if (code == GET_KEY_ENTRY_TRANSACTION && descriptor.domain == Domain.GRANT) {
+                val grant =
+                    KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.resolveGrant(descriptor.nspace, callingUid)
+                if (grant == null) {
+                    // Ours but wrong caller -> KEY_NOT_FOUND (caller-binding); not ours -> real keystore2.
+                    return if (
+                        KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.softwareGrants.containsKey(descriptor.nspace)
+                    )
+                        InterceptorUtils.createErrorReply(RESPONSE_KEY_NOT_FOUND)
+                    else TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
+                }
+                if ((grant.accessVector and 0x4) == 0) { // GET_INFO = 0x4 (access-vector gate)
+                    return InterceptorUtils.createErrorReply(RESPONSE_PERMISSION_DENIED)
+                }
+                val response =
+                    KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.getGeneratedKeyResponse(grant.ownerKeyId)
+                        ?: return InterceptorUtils.createErrorReply(RESPONSE_KEY_NOT_FOUND)
+                // Same object the owner read returns -> coherent chain across planes.
+                return InterceptorUtils.createTypedObjectReply(response)
+            }
+
+            if (ConfigurationManager.shouldSkipUid(callingUid))
+                return TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
+
             if (code == DELETE_KEY_TRANSACTION) {
                 val keyId =
                     if (descriptor.alias != null) {
@@ -210,6 +277,39 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
             }
 
             if (descriptor.alias == null) {
+                if (descriptor.domain == Domain.KEY_ID) {
+                    // The probe pipeline (and some AOSP callers) switch follow-up
+                    // operations to KEY_ID semantics after generateKey returns a
+                    // KEY_ID descriptor. Without this branch, our software keys
+                    // are invisible to KEY_ID-based getKeyEntry calls and the
+                    // request falls through to the real keystore2 daemon, which
+                    // legitimately responds with KEY_NOT_FOUND. Duck Detector's
+                    // TimingSideChannelProbe captures that exception during its
+                    // warmup phase and surfaces it as
+                    // "Captured private binder exception during timing skip".
+                    // Resolving by KEY_ID and returning the cached response keeps
+                    // the call on the happy path, eliminating the warmup signal.
+                    val info = KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.findGeneratedKeyByKeyId(
+                        callingUid, descriptor.nspace
+                    )
+                    if (info?.response != null) {
+                        SystemLogger.info(
+                            "[TX_ID: $txId] Found generated response via KEY_ID nspace=${descriptor.nspace}"
+                        )
+                        return InterceptorUtils.createTypedObjectReply(info.response)
+                    }
+                    val teeResp = KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.findTeeResponseByKeyId(
+                        callingUid, descriptor.nspace
+                    )
+                    if (teeResp != null) {
+                        SystemLogger.info(
+                            "[TX_ID: $txId] Found TEE response via KEY_ID nspace=${descriptor.nspace}"
+                        )
+                        return InterceptorUtils.createTypedObjectReply(teeResp)
+                    }
+                }
+                // Domain.GRANT is handled earlier (before the package-scoped skip); an alias-less
+                // read reaching here is KEY_ID or unknown, so it falls through to the real keystore2.
                 return TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
             }
             val keyId = KeyIdentifier(callingUid, descriptor.alias)
@@ -231,6 +331,57 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
                 KeyMintParameterLogger.logParameter(it.keyParameter)
             }
             return InterceptorUtils.createTypedObjectReply(response)
+        } else if (code == GRANT_TRANSACTION) {
+            logTransaction(txId, transactionNames[code] ?: "grant", callingUid, callingPid)
+            data.enforceInterface(IKeystoreService.DESCRIPTOR)
+            val key =
+                data.readTypedObject(KeyDescriptor.CREATOR)
+                    ?: return TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
+            val granteeUid = data.readInt()
+            val accessVector = data.readInt()
+            // Synthetic (generatedKeys) AND patch-mode (teeResponses) keys are ours; both must grant
+            // coherently so the Domain.GRANT readback returns the same chain the owner read returns.
+            // Real hardware keys fall through to the real keystore2, which applies the same SELinux
+            // gate the platform would.
+            val ownerKeyId =
+                resolveOwnerKeyId(key, callingUid)
+                    ?.takeIf { KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.ownsKeyResponse(it) }
+                    ?: return TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
+            // Version-gated to mirror the real TEE 1:1. Pre-Android-16, grant was a hidden API and
+            // SELinux denied untrusted_app, so keystore2 returns PERMISSION_DENIED. Android 16
+            // (API 36) exposes KeyStoreManager.grantKeyAccess(), so an app grants its own key:
+            // issue a coherent, caller-bound, access-vector-carrying grant whose Domain.GRANT read
+            // returns the owner's chain.
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < GRANT_PUBLIC_API_SDK) {
+                return InterceptorUtils.createErrorReply(RESPONSE_PERMISSION_DENIED)
+            }
+            val grantId =
+                KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.issueGrant(ownerKeyId, granteeUid, accessVector)
+            val reply =
+                KeyDescriptor().apply {
+                    domain = Domain.GRANT
+                    nspace = grantId
+                    alias = null
+                    blob = null
+                }
+            return InterceptorUtils.createTypedObjectReply(reply)
+        } else if (code == UNGRANT_TRANSACTION) {
+            logTransaction(txId, transactionNames[code] ?: "ungrant", callingUid, callingPid)
+            data.enforceInterface(IKeystoreService.DESCRIPTOR)
+            val key =
+                data.readTypedObject(KeyDescriptor.CREATOR)
+                    ?: return TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
+            val granteeUid = data.readInt()
+            val ownerKeyId =
+                resolveOwnerKeyId(key, callingUid)
+                    ?.takeIf { KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.ownsKeyResponse(it) }
+                    ?: return TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
+            // Same version gate as grant(): denied pre-36, revoke the virtualized grant on 36+.
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < GRANT_PUBLIC_API_SDK) {
+                return InterceptorUtils.createErrorReply(RESPONSE_PERMISSION_DENIED)
+            }
+            KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.revokeGrant(ownerKeyId, granteeUid)
+            return InterceptorUtils.createSuccessReply(writeResultCode = false)
         } else {
             logTransaction(
                 txId,
@@ -256,8 +407,12 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
         reply: Parcel?,
         resultCode: Int,
     ): TransactionResult {
-        if (target != keystoreService || reply == null || InterceptorUtils.hasException(reply))
+        if (target != keystoreService || reply == null) return TransactionResult.SkipTransaction
-            return TransactionResult.SkipTransaction
+        if (InterceptorUtils.hasException(reply)) {
+            val normalized = InterceptorUtils.normalizeServiceSpecificReply(reply)
+            return if (normalized != null) TransactionResult.OverrideReply(normalized)
+            else TransactionResult.SkipTransaction
+        }
 
         if (code == GET_NUMBER_OF_ENTRIES_TRANSACTION) {
             logTransaction(txId, "post-${transactionNames[code]!!}", callingUid, callingPid)
@@ -314,6 +469,7 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
                     val keyId = KeyIdentifier(callingUid, keyDescriptor.alias)
 
                     if (userUpdatedKeys.remove(keyId)) {
+                        SystemLogger.trace { "[TRACE-$txId] getKeyEntry $keyId: userUpdated=true, skipping patch" }
                         SystemLogger.debug("[TX_ID: $txId] Skipping cert patch for user-updated key $keyId.")
                         return TransactionResult.SkipTransaction
                     }
@@ -324,18 +480,28 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
                             authorizations?.map { it.keyParameter }?.toTypedArray() ?: emptyArray()
                         )
 
+                    SystemLogger.trace { "[TRACE-$txId] getKeyEntry $keyId: isImport=${parsedParameters.isImportKey()} origin=${parsedParameters.origin} inImportedKeys=${KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.importedKeys.contains(keyId)} hasPatchedChain=${KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.getPatchedChain(keyId) != null} isAttestKey=${parsedParameters.isAttestKey()}" }
+
                     if (parsedParameters.isImportKey()) {
                         val retainedChain = KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.getPatchedChain(keyId)
                         if (retainedChain == null) {
+                            SystemLogger.trace { "[TRACE-$txId] getKeyEntry $keyId: imported, no retained chain, skip" }
                             SystemLogger.info("[TX_ID: $txId] Skip patching for imported key (no prior attestation).")
                             return TransactionResult.SkipTransaction
                         }
+                        SystemLogger.trace { "[TRACE-$txId] getKeyEntry $keyId: imported, SERVING RETAINED CHAIN (detection vector!)" }
                         SystemLogger.info("[TX_ID: $txId] Imported key overwrote attested alias, serving retained chain for $keyId")
                         CertificateHelper.updateCertificateChain(response.metadata, retainedChain).getOrThrow()
+                        response.metadata.authorizations =
+                            InterceptorUtils.patchAuthorizations(
+                                response.metadata.authorizations,
+                                callingUid,
+                            )
                         return InterceptorUtils.createTypedObjectReply(response)
                     }
 
                     if (KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.importedKeys.contains(keyId)) {
+                        SystemLogger.trace { "[TRACE-$txId] getKeyEntry $keyId: in importedKeys set, skip" }
                         SystemLogger.debug("[TX_ID: $txId] Skipping attest-key override for imported key $keyId")
                         return TransactionResult.SkipTransaction
                     }
@@ -376,9 +542,24 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
                             )
                         KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.attestationKeys.add(keyId)
 
+                        // Snapshot metadata bytes for the same reason as the
+                        // primary doSoftwareKeyGen path — loss-less restore
+                        // after reboot.
+                        val metadataBytesForPersist = response.metadata?.let { md ->
+                            runCatching {
+                                val parcel = android.os.Parcel.obtain()
+                                try {
+                                    md.writeToParcel(parcel, 0)
+                                    parcel.marshall()
+                                } finally {
+                                    parcel.recycle()
+                                }
+                            }.getOrNull()
+                        }
                         GeneratedKeyPersistence.save(
                             keyId = keyId,
                             keyPair = keyData.first,
+                            secretKey = null,
                             nspace = newNspace,
                             securityLevel = response.metadata.keySecurityLevel,
                             certChain = keyData.second,
@@ -388,6 +569,7 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
                             purposes = parsedParameters.purpose,
                             digests = parsedParameters.digest,
                             isAttestationKey = true,
+                            metadataBytes = metadataBytesForPersist,
                         )
 
                         return InterceptorUtils.createTypedObjectReply(response)
@@ -440,6 +622,24 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
         return TransactionResult.SkipTransaction
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Resolves the owner [KeyIdentifier] a grant/ungrant call targets. APP/alias keys map
+     * directly; KEY_ID keys are looked up by nspace (mirrors the deleteKey resolver). Returns
+     * null for anything not addressable, so callers fall through to the real keystore2.
+     */
+    private fun resolveOwnerKeyId(descriptor: KeyDescriptor, callingUid: Int): KeyIdentifier? =
+        when {
+            descriptor.alias != null -> KeyIdentifier(callingUid, descriptor.alias)
+            descriptor.domain == Domain.KEY_ID ->
+                KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.findGeneratedKeyByKeyId(callingUid, descriptor.nspace)
+                    ?.let { info ->
+                        KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.generatedKeys.entries
+                            .firstOrNull { it.value.nspace == info.nspace && it.key.uid == callingUid }
+                            ?.key
+                    }
+            else -> null
+        }
+
     private fun handleUpdateSubcomponent(callingUid: Int, data: Parcel): TransactionResult {
         data.enforceInterface(IKeystoreService.DESCRIPTOR)
         val descriptor = data.readTypedObject(KeyDescriptor.CREATOR)
@@ -459,7 +659,23 @@ object Keystore2Interceptor : AbstractKeystoreInterceptor() {
             }
 
         if (generatedKeyInfo == null) {
-            descriptor.alias?.let { userUpdatedKeys.add(KeyIdentifier(callingUid, it)) }
+            // Patch-mode key (cached in teeResponses, not generatedKeys): the real keystore2 applies
+            // the update, so drop our stale cached chain. Otherwise getKeyEntry replays the
+            // pre-update generated attestation (duck STALE_TEE_RESPONSE_AFTER_KEY_ID_UPDATE).
+            when (descriptor.domain) {
+                Domain.KEY_ID ->
+                    KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.evictTeeResponseByKeyId(callingUid, descriptor.nspace)
+                Domain.APP ->
+                    descriptor.alias?.let {
+                        KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.evictTeeResponse(KeyIdentifier(callingUid, it))
+                    }
+                else -> {}
+            }
+            descriptor.alias?.let {
+                val kid = KeyIdentifier(callingUid, it)
+                userUpdatedKeys.add(kid)
+                SystemLogger.trace { "[TRACE] updateSubcomponent $kid: not generated key, added to userUpdatedKeys" }
+            }
             return TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
         }
 

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/interception/keystore/Keystore2MaintenanceInterceptor.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package org.matrix.TEESimulator.interception.keystore
+
+import android.os.IBinder
+import android.os.Parcel
+import android.security.maintenance.IKeystoreMaintenance
+import android.system.keystore2.Domain
+import android.system.keystore2.KeyDescriptor
+import org.matrix.TEESimulator.interception.core.BinderInterceptor
+import org.matrix.TEESimulator.interception.keystore.shim.KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor
+import org.matrix.TEESimulator.logging.SystemLogger
+
+/**
+ * Intercepts the keystore2 daemon's `android.security.maintenance` binder so our synthetic key
+ * state follows the same lifecycle events the platform applies to real keys.
+ *
+ * This is a pure side-effect hook: every handled transaction mutates only our own synthetic state
+ * and then returns [TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost], so the real keystore2 still performs the
+ * real operation. We never fabricate a maintenance reply, so real key lifecycle is never disturbed.
+ *
+ * Mounted via `register()` from [Keystore2Interceptor.onInterceptorReady]; the maintenance binder is
+ * hosted by the same keystore2 process, so the already-injected native hook reaches it too.
+ */
+object Keystore2MaintenanceInterceptor : BinderInterceptor() {
+    private val stubClass = IKeystoreMaintenance.Stub::class.java
+
+    private val CLEAR_NAMESPACE_TRANSACTION =
+        InterceptorUtils.getTransactCode(stubClass, "clearNamespace")
+    private val DELETE_ALL_KEYS_TRANSACTION =
+        InterceptorUtils.getTransactCode(stubClass, "deleteAllKeys")
+    private val MIGRATE_KEY_NAMESPACE_TRANSACTION =
+        InterceptorUtils.getTransactCode(stubClass, "migrateKeyNamespace")
+
+    /** Only the lifecycle transactions we mirror; unresolved codes (-1) are dropped. */
+    val interceptedCodes: IntArray by lazy {
+        listOf(
+                CLEAR_NAMESPACE_TRANSACTION,
+                DELETE_ALL_KEYS_TRANSACTION,
+                MIGRATE_KEY_NAMESPACE_TRANSACTION,
+            )
+            .filter { it != -1 }
+            .toIntArray()
+    }
+
+    override fun onPreTransact(
+        txId: Long,
+        target: IBinder,
+        code: Int,
+        flags: Int,
+        callingUid: Int,
+        callingPid: Int,
+        data: Parcel,
+    ): TransactionResult {
+        when (code) {
+            CLEAR_NAMESPACE_TRANSACTION -> handleClearNamespace(data)
+            DELETE_ALL_KEYS_TRANSACTION ->
+                KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.clearAllGeneratedKeys("maintenance.deleteAllKeys")
+            MIGRATE_KEY_NAMESPACE_TRANSACTION -> handleMigrateKeyNamespace(data, callingUid)
+        }
+        // Always let the real keystore2 perform the real lifecycle operation.
+        return TransactionResult.ContinueAndSkipPost
+    }
+
+    private fun handleClearNamespace(data: Parcel) {
+        data.enforceInterface(IKeystoreMaintenance.DESCRIPTOR)
+        val domain = data.readInt()
+        val nspace = data.readLong()
+        // Only Domain.APP namespaces map to our per-uid synthetic keys; nspace is the app uid.
+        if (domain == Domain.APP) {
+            KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.clearNamespaceKeys(nspace.toInt())
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun handleMigrateKeyNamespace(data: Parcel, callingUid: Int) {
+        data.enforceInterface(IKeystoreMaintenance.DESCRIPTOR)
+        val source = data.readTypedObject(KeyDescriptor.CREATOR) ?: return
+        val destination = data.readTypedObject(KeyDescriptor.CREATOR) ?: return
+        val srcId = resolveSyntheticKeyId(source, callingUid) ?: return
+        if (!KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.generatedKeys.containsKey(srcId)) return // not ours
+
+        val dstId = resolveDestinationKeyId(destination, callingUid)
+        if (dstId == null) {
+            // Migrated out of our trackable (Domain.APP/alias) space -> drop our shadow so reads
+            // fall through to the real keystore2, which now owns it at the new namespace.
+            KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.cleanupKeyData(srcId)
+        } else {
+            KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.migrateGeneratedKey(srcId, dstId)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Resolves a synthetic owner key from a source descriptor (Domain.APP alias or KEY_ID). */
+    private fun resolveSyntheticKeyId(descriptor: KeyDescriptor, callingUid: Int): KeyIdentifier? =
+        when {
+            descriptor.alias != null -> KeyIdentifier(callingUid, descriptor.alias)
+            descriptor.domain == Domain.KEY_ID ->
+                KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.generatedKeys.entries
+                    .firstOrNull { it.key.uid == callingUid && it.value.nspace == descriptor.nspace }
+                    ?.key
+            else -> null
+        }
+
+    /** Destination must be an addressable Domain.APP alias for us to keep tracking the key. */
+    private fun resolveDestinationKeyId(descriptor: KeyDescriptor, callingUid: Int): KeyIdentifier? {
+        val alias = descriptor.alias ?: return null
+        if (descriptor.domain != Domain.APP) return null
+        val uid = if (descriptor.nspace > 0) descriptor.nspace.toInt() else callingUid
+        return KeyIdentifier(uid, alias)
+    }
+}

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/interception/keystore/KeystoreInterceptor.kt

@@ -436,6 +436,7 @@ private data class LegacyKeygenParameters(
             usageExpireDateTime = null,
             usageCountLimit = null,
             callerNonce = null,
+            nonce = null,
             unlockedDeviceRequired = null,
             includeUniqueId = null,
             rollbackResistance = null,

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/interception/keystore/shim/AuthorizeCreate.kt

@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@ object AuthorizeCreate {
         ) {
             return KeystoreErrorCodes.unsupportedPurpose
         }
-        if (algo == Algorithm.EC && purpose == KeyPurpose.DECRYPT)
-            return KeystoreErrorCodes.unsupportedPurpose
         if (algo == Algorithm.RSA && purpose == KeyPurpose.AGREE_KEY)
             return KeystoreErrorCodes.unsupportedPurpose
         return null

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/interception/keystore/shim/GeneratedKeyPersistence.kt

@@ -29,13 +29,47 @@ data class PersistedKeyData(
     val ecCurve: Int,
     val purposes: List<Int>,
     val digests: List<Int>,
+    /** PKCS#8-encoded private key for asymmetric records, empty for symmetric. */
     val privateKeyBytes: ByteArray,
     val certChainBytes: List<ByteArray>,
+    /**
+     * Byte-identical KeyMetadata parcel snapshot. Restoring authorizations
+     * directly from these bytes preserves tag count, order, and exact
+     * security-level annotations across reboots — the kind of structural
+     * details apps fingerprint to decide whether the alias is still
+     * "the same key".
+     */
+    val metadataBytes: ByteArray,
+    /**
+     * Raw secret material for symmetric records (AES, HMAC, 3DES). Empty
+     * for asymmetric. Critical for AndroidX security crypto MasterKey
+     * (AES-GCM-256) — without this every reboot regenerates a fresh AES
+     * key and EncryptedSharedPreferences becomes undecryptable, which is
+     * what banking apps interpret as session expiry and force a relogin.
+     */
+    val symmetricKeyBytes: ByteArray,
+    val symmetricAlgorithm: String,
 )
 
 object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
 
-    private const val FORMAT_VERSION = 1
+    /**
+     * Single source of truth for the on-disk format. Bump this every time
+     * the layout changes; older numbers are silently skipped on read so
+     * stale dev artifacts and pre-fix upstream files can't be partially
+     * rehydrated into broken in-memory state.
+     *
+     * History:
+     *   1 — original upstream layout (no metadata snapshot, no symmetric
+     *       block; restored keys lose authorization tags and AES master
+     *       keys altogether — apps relying on persisted keystore state
+     *       across reboots get logged out)
+     *   2 — transitional dev-only format that added metadata but still
+     *       missed the symmetric block; never shipped
+     *   3 — current: byte-identical KeyMetadata snapshot + raw symmetric
+     *       key material so AES/HMAC keys survive reboots
+     */
+    private const val FORMAT_VERSION = 3
     private val PERSISTENCE_DIR = File(CONFIG_PATH, "persistent_keys")
 
     // Per-filename locks to prevent concurrent writes to the same key file
@@ -47,7 +81,8 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
 
     fun save(
         keyId: KeyIdentifier,
-        keyPair: KeyPair,
+        keyPair: KeyPair?,
+        secretKey: javax.crypto.SecretKey?,
         nspace: Long,
         securityLevel: Int,
         certChain: List<Certificate>,
@@ -57,7 +92,11 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
         purposes: List<Int>,
         digests: List<Int>,
         isAttestationKey: Boolean,
+        metadataBytes: ByteArray? = null,
     ) {
+        require(keyPair != null || secretKey != null) {
+            "Either keyPair or secretKey must be provided"
+        }
         val filename = keyFileName(keyId.uid, keyId.alias)
         val lock = getLockForKey(filename)
         SystemLogger.debug("[Persistence] Acquiring lock for $filename")
@@ -87,7 +126,8 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
                         out.writeInt(digests.size)
                         digests.forEach { out.writeInt(it) }
 
-                        val pkBytes = keyPair.private.encoded
+                        // Asymmetric key block (empty for symmetric-only).
+                        val pkBytes = keyPair?.private?.encoded ?: ByteArray(0)
                         out.writeInt(pkBytes.size)
                         out.write(pkBytes)
 
@@ -97,6 +137,23 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
                             out.writeInt(encoded.size)
                             out.write(encoded)
                         }
+
+                        // Metadata snapshot (always present, may be empty
+                        // if the live KeyMetadata could not be marshalled).
+                        val mdBytes = metadataBytes ?: ByteArray(0)
+                        out.writeInt(mdBytes.size)
+                        if (mdBytes.isNotEmpty()) out.write(mdBytes)
+
+                        // Symmetric key block (empty for asymmetric keys).
+                        if (secretKey != null) {
+                            val skBytes = secretKey.encoded
+                            out.writeUTF(secretKey.algorithm)
+                            out.writeInt(skBytes.size)
+                            out.write(skBytes)
+                        } else {
+                            out.writeUTF("")
+                            out.writeInt(0)
+                        }
                     }
                 } catch (e: Exception) {
                     tmpFile.delete()
@@ -189,8 +246,17 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
                 DataInputStream(BufferedInputStream(FileInputStream(file))).use { input ->
                     val version = input.readInt()
                     if (version != FORMAT_VERSION) {
-                        SystemLogger.warning(
+                        // Old upstream files (v1) and dev-only intermediate
-                            "Skipping ${file.name}: unknown format version $version"
+                        // files (v2) are missing the metadata snapshot
+                        // and/or symmetric key block — restoring them
+                        // would put broken state in memory (apps relying
+                        // on those records get logged out). Skip and let
+                        // the next generateKey re-create cleanly with the
+                        // new format. Affected apps re-login once after
+                        // upgrade, then never again.
+                        SystemLogger.info(
+                            "Skipping ${file.name}: legacy format version $version. " +
+                            "It will be replaced on next generateKey for this alias."
                         )
                         return@runCatching
                     }
@@ -212,7 +278,7 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
 
                     val pkLen = requireBounds(input.readInt(), 8192, "pkLen")
                     val pkBytes = ByteArray(pkLen)
-                    input.readFully(pkBytes)
+                    if (pkLen > 0) input.readFully(pkBytes)
 
                     val certCount = requireBounds(input.readInt(), 10, "certCount")
                     val certChainBytes = (0 until certCount).map {
@@ -222,6 +288,17 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
                         certBytes
                     }
 
+                    val metaLen = requireBounds(input.readInt(), 256 * 1024, "metaLen")
+                    val metadataBytes = ByteArray(metaLen).also {
+                        if (metaLen > 0) input.readFully(it)
+                    }
+
+                    val skAlgo = input.readUTF()
+                    val skLen = requireBounds(input.readInt(), 8192, "skLen")
+                    val skBytes = ByteArray(skLen).also {
+                        if (skLen > 0) input.readFully(it)
+                    }
+
                     if (storedSecLevel == securityLevel) {
                         result.add(
                             PersistedKeyData(
@@ -237,6 +314,9 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
                                 digests = digests,
                                 privateKeyBytes = pkBytes,
                                 certChainBytes = certChainBytes,
+                                metadataBytes = metadataBytes,
+                                symmetricKeyBytes = skBytes,
+                                symmetricAlgorithm = skAlgo,
                             )
                         )
                     }
@@ -292,7 +372,7 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
             DataInputStream(BufferedInputStream(FileInputStream(existing))).use { input ->
                 val version = input.readInt()
                 if (version != FORMAT_VERSION) {
-                    SystemLogger.warning("rePersist: unknown format version $version for $keyId")
+                    SystemLogger.warning("rePersist: legacy format version $version for $keyId, will not re-persist (next generateKey replaces it)")
                     return
                 }
                 readPersistedKeyData(input)
@@ -303,10 +383,29 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
             return
         }
 
-        val keyPair = generatedKeyInfo.keyPair ?: return
+        val keyPair = generatedKeyInfo.keyPair
+        val secretKey = generatedKeyInfo.secretKey
+        if (keyPair == null && secretKey == null) {
+            SystemLogger.warning("rePersist: no key material for $keyId")
+            return
+        }
+        // Serialize the live KeyMetadata (now contains the user-installed cert
+        // chain via updateSubcomponent) so the next boot restores byte-identical
+        // metadata. KeyMetadata is binder-free, so marshall() is safe here.
+        val metadataBytes = runCatching {
+            android.os.Parcel.obtain().let { parcel ->
+                try {
+                    metadata.writeToParcel(parcel, 0)
+                    parcel.marshall()
+                } finally {
+                    parcel.recycle()
+                }
+            }
+        }.getOrNull()
         save(
             keyId = keyId,
             keyPair = keyPair,
+            secretKey = secretKey,
             nspace = generatedKeyInfo.nspace,
             securityLevel = secLevel,
             certChain = newChain.toList(),
@@ -316,6 +415,7 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
             purposes = persisted.purposes,
             digests = persisted.digests,
             isAttestationKey = persisted.isAttestationKey,
+            metadataBytes = metadataBytes,
         )
         SystemLogger.debug("Re-persisted key $keyId with updated cert chain")
     }
@@ -332,7 +432,8 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
         return digest.joinToString("") { "%02x".format(it) } + ".bin"
     }
 
-    // Reads all fields after version has already been consumed
+    // Reads all fields after the version int has already been consumed
+    // and validated by the caller.
     private fun readPersistedKeyData(input: DataInputStream): PersistedKeyData {
         val secLevel = input.readInt()
         val uid = input.readInt()
@@ -351,7 +452,7 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
 
         val pkLen = requireBounds(input.readInt(), 8192, "pkLen")
         val pkBytes = ByteArray(pkLen)
-        input.readFully(pkBytes)
+        if (pkLen > 0) input.readFully(pkBytes)
 
         val certCount = requireBounds(input.readInt(), 10, "certCount")
         val certChainBytes = (0 until certCount).map {
@@ -361,6 +462,17 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
             certBytes
         }
 
+        val metaLen = requireBounds(input.readInt(), 256 * 1024, "metaLen")
+        val metadataBytes = ByteArray(metaLen).also {
+            if (metaLen > 0) input.readFully(it)
+        }
+
+        val skAlgo = input.readUTF()
+        val skLen = requireBounds(input.readInt(), 8192, "skLen")
+        val skBytes = ByteArray(skLen).also {
+            if (skLen > 0) input.readFully(it)
+        }
+
         return PersistedKeyData(
             uid = uid,
             alias = alias,
@@ -374,6 +486,9 @@ object GeneratedKeyPersistence {
             digests = digests,
             privateKeyBytes = pkBytes,
             certChainBytes = certChainBytes,
+            metadataBytes = metadataBytes,
+            symmetricKeyBytes = skBytes,
+            symmetricAlgorithm = skAlgo,
         )
     }
 }

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/interception/keystore/shim/OperationInterceptor.kt

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.matrix.TEESimulator.interception.keystore.InterceptorUtils
 class OperationInterceptor(
     private val original: IKeystoreOperation,
     private val backdoor: IBinder,
+    private val isAead: Boolean,
 ) : BinderInterceptor() {
 
     override fun onPreTransact(
@@ -27,6 +28,10 @@ class OperationInterceptor(
         val methodName = transactionNames[code] ?: "unknown code=$code"
         logTransaction(txId, methodName, callingUid, callingPid, true)
 
+        if (code == UPDATE_AAD_TRANSACTION && !isAead) {
+            return InterceptorUtils.createServiceSpecificErrorReply(KeystoreErrorCodes.invalidTag)
+        }
+
         if (code == FINISH_TRANSACTION || code == ABORT_TRANSACTION) {
             KeyMintSecurityLevelInterceptor.removeOperationInterceptor(target, backdoor)
         }
@@ -44,7 +49,8 @@ class OperationInterceptor(
         private val ABORT_TRANSACTION =
             InterceptorUtils.getTransactCode(IKeystoreOperation.Stub::class.java, "abort")
 
-        val INTERCEPTED_CODES = intArrayOf(FINISH_TRANSACTION, ABORT_TRANSACTION)
+        val INTERCEPTED_CODES =
+            intArrayOf(UPDATE_AAD_TRANSACTION, FINISH_TRANSACTION, ABORT_TRANSACTION)
 
         private val transactionNames: Map<Int, String> by lazy {
             IKeystoreOperation.Stub::class

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/interception/keystore/shim/SoftwareOperation.kt

@@ -137,7 +137,14 @@ private class CipherPrimitive(
     private val isAead = params.blockMode.firstOrNull() == BlockMode.GCM
     private val cipher: Cipher =
         Cipher.getInstance(JcaAlgorithmMapper.mapCipherAlgorithm(params)).apply {
-            init(opMode, cryptoKey)
+            val nonce = params.nonce
+            if (nonce != null && isAead) {
+                init(opMode, cryptoKey, javax.crypto.spec.GCMParameterSpec(128, nonce))
+            } else if (nonce != null) {
+                init(opMode, cryptoKey, javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec(nonce))
+            } else {
+                init(opMode, cryptoKey)
+            }
         }
 
     override fun updateAad(aadInput: ByteArray?) {
@@ -211,19 +218,66 @@ class SoftwareOperation(
         val purposeName = KeyMintParameterLogger.purposeNames[purpose] ?: "UNKNOWN"
         SystemLogger.debug("[SoftwareOp TX_ID: $txId] Initializing for purpose: $purposeName.")
 
+        if (purpose == null) {
+            // Defensive: if params somehow restored without a PURPOSE tag
+            // (corrupt v2 metadata, mismatched authorizations array on load,
+            // or future format drift) the original code crashed with NPE
+            // because Signer/Verifier/Cipher all dereference keyPair!!
+            // before checking purpose. Surface a clean keystore error
+            // instead so callers see a normal-looking operation failure
+            // they can recover from rather than the process appearing to
+            // silently corrupt their session.
+            SystemLogger.warning(
+                "[SoftwareOp TX_ID: $txId] Purpose missing on restored key " +
+                "(authorizations=${params.purpose}, keyPair=${if (keyPair != null) "present" else "null"}, " +
+                "secretKey=${if (secretKey != null) "present" else "null"}). " +
+                "Returning unsupportedPurpose."
+            )
+            throw ServiceSpecificException(
+                KeystoreErrorCodes.unsupportedPurpose,
+                "Restored key has no PURPOSE authorization",
+            )
+        }
+
         primitive =
             when (purpose) {
-                KeyPurpose.SIGN -> Signer(keyPair!!, params)
+                KeyPurpose.SIGN -> {
-                KeyPurpose.VERIFY -> Verifier(keyPair!!, params)
+                    val kp = keyPair ?: throw ServiceSpecificException(
+                        KeystoreErrorCodes.invalidArgument,
+                        "[SoftwareOp TX_ID: $txId] SIGN requested but keyPair is null",
+                    )
+                    Signer(kp, params)
+                }
+                KeyPurpose.VERIFY -> {
+                    val kp = keyPair ?: throw ServiceSpecificException(
+                        KeystoreErrorCodes.invalidArgument,
+                        "[SoftwareOp TX_ID: $txId] VERIFY requested but keyPair is null",
+                    )
+                    Verifier(kp, params)
+                }
                 KeyPurpose.ENCRYPT -> {
-                    val key: java.security.Key = secretKey ?: keyPair!!.public
+                    val key: java.security.Key = secretKey ?: keyPair?.public
+                        ?: throw ServiceSpecificException(
+                            KeystoreErrorCodes.unsupportedPurpose,
+                            "[SoftwareOp TX_ID: $txId] ENCRYPT requires either secretKey or keyPair.public",
+                        )
                     CipherPrimitive(key, params, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE)
                 }
                 KeyPurpose.DECRYPT -> {
-                    val key: java.security.Key = secretKey ?: keyPair!!.private
+                    val key: java.security.Key = secretKey ?: keyPair?.private
+                        ?: throw ServiceSpecificException(
+                            KeystoreErrorCodes.unsupportedPurpose,
+                            "[SoftwareOp TX_ID: $txId] DECRYPT requires either secretKey or keyPair.private",
+                        )
                     CipherPrimitive(key, params, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE)
                 }
-                KeyPurpose.AGREE_KEY -> KeyAgreementPrimitive(keyPair!!)
+                KeyPurpose.AGREE_KEY -> {
+                    val kp = keyPair ?: throw ServiceSpecificException(
+                        KeystoreErrorCodes.invalidArgument,
+                        "[SoftwareOp TX_ID: $txId] AGREE_KEY requested but keyPair is null",
+                    )
+                    KeyAgreementPrimitive(kp)
+                }
                 else ->
                     throw ServiceSpecificException(
                         KeystoreErrorCodes.unsupportedPurpose,
@@ -247,10 +301,18 @@ class SoftwareOperation(
     }
 
     fun updateAad(aadInput: ByteArray?) {
-        SystemLogger.debug("[SoftwareOp TX_ID: $txId] updateAad() inputSize=${aadInput?.size ?: 0}")
+        SystemLogger.info("[SoftwareOp TX_ID: $txId] updateAad() ENTRY inputSize=${aadInput?.size ?: 0} primitive=${primitive::class.simpleName}")
         checkActive()
         checkInputLength(aadInput)
-        primitive.updateAad(aadInput)
+        try {
+            primitive.updateAad(aadInput)
+            SystemLogger.info("[SoftwareOp TX_ID: $txId] updateAad() RETURNED_NORMALLY (unexpected for non-AEAD)")
+        } catch (throwable: Throwable) {
+            val top = throwable.stackTrace.firstOrNull()?.toString() ?: "<no-frame>"
+            val code = (throwable as? ServiceSpecificException)?.errorCode
+            SystemLogger.info("[SoftwareOp TX_ID: $txId] updateAad() THREW class=${throwable::class.java.name} code=$code msg=${throwable.message} top=$top")
+            throw throwable
+        }
     }
 
     fun update(data: ByteArray?): ByteArray? {
@@ -380,7 +442,15 @@ class SoftwareOperationBinder(private val operation: SoftwareOperation) :
 
     @Synchronized
     override fun updateAad(aadInput: ByteArray?) {
-        operation.updateAad(aadInput)
+        SystemLogger.info("[SoftwareOpBinder] updateAad() ENTRY callingUid=${android.os.Binder.getCallingUid()} size=${aadInput?.size ?: 0}")
+        try {
+            operation.updateAad(aadInput)
+            SystemLogger.info("[SoftwareOpBinder] updateAad() RETURNED_NORMALLY")
+        } catch (throwable: Throwable) {
+            val code = (throwable as? ServiceSpecificException)?.errorCode
+            SystemLogger.info("[SoftwareOpBinder] updateAad() PROPAGATING class=${throwable::class.java.name} code=$code msg=${throwable.message}")
+            throw throwable
+        }
     }
 
     @Synchronized

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/logging/SystemLogger.kt

@@ -1,42 +1,86 @@
 package org.matrix.TEESimulator.logging
 
 import android.util.Log
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong
 import org.matrix.TEESimulator.BuildConfig
 
 /**
  * A centralized logging utility for the TEESimulator application. This object provides a consistent
  * logging tag and format for all application logs, making it easier to filter and debug in Logcat.
+ *
+ * Includes a rate limiter that caps logd syscalls during binder stress to prevent thread pool
+ * contention. The first [RATE_LIMIT_BURST] messages per [RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS] window are logged
+ * normally; subsequent messages are suppressed and a summary is emitted when the window resets.
  */
 object SystemLogger {
-    // The tag used for all log messages from this application.
+    @PublishedApi internal const val TAG = "TEESimulator"
-    private const val TAG = "TEESimulator"
 
-    private val isDebugBuild = BuildConfig.DEBUG
+    @PublishedApi internal val isDebugBuild = BuildConfig.DEBUG
+
+    // Rate limiter: allow BURST messages per WINDOW, then suppress until window resets.
+    private const val RATE_LIMIT_BURST = 15
+    private const val RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS = 1000L
+    private val windowStart = AtomicLong(System.currentTimeMillis())
+    private val windowCount = AtomicInteger(0)
+    private val suppressedCount = AtomicInteger(0)
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this message should be emitted. Resets the window if expired
+     * and emits a suppression summary for the previous window.
+     */
+    @PublishedApi internal fun acquireLogPermit(): Boolean {
+        val now = System.currentTimeMillis()
+        val start = windowStart.get()
+        if (now - start > RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS) {
+            // Window expired: reset and emit suppression summary if needed.
+            if (windowStart.compareAndSet(start, now)) {
+                val suppressed = suppressedCount.getAndSet(0)
+                windowCount.set(1) // this call counts as #1 in the new window
+                if (suppressed > 0) {
+                    Log.i(TAG, "[rate-limit] suppressed $suppressed log messages in previous window")
+                }
+                return true
+            }
+        }
+        val count = windowCount.incrementAndGet()
+        if (count <= RATE_LIMIT_BURST) return true
+        suppressedCount.incrementAndGet()
+        return false
+    }
 
     /**
      * Logs a debug message. Use this for fine-grained information that is useful for debugging.
-     *
-     * @param message The message to log.
      */
     fun debug(message: String) {
         if (!isDebugBuild) return
+        if (!acquireLogPermit()) return
         Log.d(TAG, message)
     }
 
+    /** Lazy debug: lambda only evaluates if message will be logged. */
+    inline fun debug(message: () -> String) {
+        if (!isDebugBuild) return
+        if (!acquireLogPermit()) return
+        Log.d(TAG, message())
+    }
+
     /**
      * Logs an informational message. Use this to report major application lifecycle events.
-     *
-     * @param message The message to log.
      */
     fun info(message: String) {
+        if (!acquireLogPermit()) return
         Log.i(TAG, message)
     }
 
+    /** Lazy info: lambda only evaluates if message will be logged. */
+    inline fun info(message: () -> String) {
+        if (!acquireLogPermit()) return
+        Log.i(TAG, message())
+    }
+
     /**
-     * Logs a warning message. Use this to report unexpected but non-fatal issues.
+     * Logs a warning message. Warnings are never rate-limited.
-     *
-     * @param message The message to log.
-     * @param throwable An optional exception to log with the message.
      */
     fun warning(message: String, throwable: Throwable? = null) {
         if (throwable != null) {
@@ -47,11 +91,7 @@ object SystemLogger {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Logs an error message. Use this to report fatal errors or exceptions that disrupt
+     * Logs an error message. Errors are never rate-limited.
-     * functionality.
-     *
-     * @param message The message to log.
-     * @param throwable An optional exception to log with the message.
      */
     fun error(message: String, throwable: Throwable? = null) {
         if (throwable != null) {
@@ -64,11 +104,22 @@ object SystemLogger {
     /**
      * Logs a verbose message. This level is for highly detailed logs that are generally not needed
      * unless tracking a very specific issue.
-     *
-     * @param message The message to log.
      */
     fun verbose(message: String) {
         if (!isDebugBuild) return
+        if (!acquireLogPermit()) return
         Log.v(TAG, message)
     }
+
+    /** Lazy verbose: lambda only evaluates if message will be logged. */
+    inline fun verbose(message: () -> String) {
+        if (!isDebugBuild) return
+        if (!acquireLogPermit()) return
+        Log.v(TAG, message())
+    }
+
+    inline fun trace(message: () -> String) {
+        if (!isDebugBuild) return
+        Log.w(TAG, message())
+    }
 }

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/pki/CertificateGenerator.kt

@@ -93,20 +93,27 @@ object CertificateGenerator {
             )
 
         return try {
+                // AOSP ta/src/keys.rs:451-478: no challenge + no attestKey = self-signed, depth 1
+                if (challenge == null && attestKeyAlias == null) {
+                    SystemLogger.trace { "[certgen] no-challenge key: self-signed, depth=1, purposes=${params.purpose}" }
+                    return listOf(buildSelfSignedCertificate(subjectKeyPair, params))
+                }
+
                 val keybox = getKeyboxForAlgorithm(uid, params.algorithm)
 
-                val (signingKey, issuer) =
+                val attestKeyInfo =
                     if (attestKeyAlias != null && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
-                        getAttestationKeyInfo(uid, attestKeyAlias)?.let { it.first to it.second }
+                        getAttestationKeyInfo(uid, attestKeyAlias)
-                            ?: (keybox.keyPair to getIssuerFromKeybox(keybox))
+                    } else null
-                    } else {
+
-                        keybox.keyPair to getIssuerFromKeybox(keybox)
+                val (signingKey, issuer) = attestKeyInfo
-                    }
+                    ?.let { it.first to it.second }
+                    ?: (keybox.keyPair to getIssuerFromKeybox(keybox))
 
                 val leafCert =
                     buildCertificate(subjectKeyPair, signingKey, issuer, params, uid, securityLevel)
 
-                if (attestKeyAlias != null) {
+                if (attestKeyInfo != null) {
                     listOf(leafCert)
                 } else {
                     listOf(leafCert) + keybox.certificates
@@ -238,10 +245,11 @@ object CertificateGenerator {
         if (keyUsageBits != 0) {
             builder.addExtension(Extension.keyUsage, true, KeyUsage(keyUsageBits))
         }
-        // Add our custom, simulated attestation extension.
+        if (params.attestationChallenge != null) {
-        builder.addExtension(
+            builder.addExtension(
-            AttestationBuilder.buildAttestationExtension(params, uid, securityLevel)
+                AttestationBuilder.buildAttestationExtension(params, uid, securityLevel)
-        )
+            )
+        }
 
         val signerAlgorithm =
             when (signingKeyPair.private.algorithm) {
@@ -256,4 +264,39 @@ object CertificateGenerator {
 
         return JcaX509CertificateConverter().getCertificate(builder.build(contentSigner))
     }
+
+    // AOSP ta/src/keys.rs:452-478, ta/src/cert.rs:111-114
+    private fun buildSelfSignedCertificate(
+        keyPair: KeyPair,
+        params: KeyMintAttestation,
+    ): Certificate {
+        val subject = params.certificateSubject ?: X500Name("CN=Android Keystore Key")
+        val notBefore = params.certificateNotBefore ?: Date(0)
+        val notAfter = params.certificateNotAfter ?: Date(UNDEFINED_NOT_AFTER)
+
+        val builder = JcaX509v3CertificateBuilder(
+            subject,
+            params.certificateSerial ?: BigInteger.ONE,
+            notBefore,
+            notAfter,
+            subject,
+            keyPair.public,
+        )
+
+        val keyUsageBits = buildKeyUsageFromPurposes(params.purpose)
+        if (keyUsageBits != 0) {
+            builder.addExtension(Extension.keyUsage, true, KeyUsage(keyUsageBits))
+        }
+
+        val signerAlgorithm = when (keyPair.private.algorithm) {
+            "EC", "ECDSA" -> "SHA256withECDSA"
+            "RSA" -> "SHA256withRSA"
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported key: ${keyPair.private.algorithm}")
+        }
+        val contentSigner = JcaContentSignerBuilder(signerAlgorithm)
+            .setProvider(BouncyCastleProvider.PROVIDER_NAME)
+            .build(keyPair.private)
+
+        return JcaX509CertificateConverter().getCertificate(builder.build(contentSigner))
+    }
 }

app/src/main/java/org/matrix/TEESimulator/util/AndroidDeviceUtils.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package org.matrix.TEESimulator.util
 
-import android.hardware.security.keymint.SecurityLevel
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.SystemProperties
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
@@ -164,6 +163,24 @@ object AndroidDeviceUtils {
         }
     }
 
+    internal fun setProperty(name: String, value: String) {
+        try {
+            SystemLogger.debug("Setting system property '$name' to: $value")
+            val command = arrayOf("resetprop", name, value)
+            val process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command)
+            val exitCode = process.waitFor()
+
+            if (exitCode != 0) {
+                val errorOutput = process.errorStream.bufferedReader().readText()
+                SystemLogger.error(
+                    "resetprop for '$name' failed with exit code $exitCode: $errorOutput"
+                )
+            }
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            SystemLogger.error("Failed to set '$name' property via resetprop.", e)
+        }
+    }
+
     private fun generateRandomBytes(size: Int): ByteArray =
         ByteArray(size).also { ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextBytes(it) }
 
@@ -328,7 +345,9 @@ object AndroidDeviceUtils {
                 6 -> { // YYYYMM
                     val year = normalized.substring(0, 4).toInt()
                     val month = normalized.substring(4, 6).toInt()
-                    if (isLong) year * 10000 + month * 100 + 1 else year * 100 + month
+                    // Synthesizing day=01 from YYYY-MM disagrees with real device bulletins;
+                    // propagate null so callers fall back to a YYYY-MM-DD source.
+                    if (isLong) null else year * 100 + month
                 }
                 else -> null
             }
@@ -376,20 +395,26 @@ object AndroidDeviceUtils {
         )
 
     /**
-     * Retrieves the attestation version based on security level and OS version. StrongBox (level 2)
+     * Retrieves the attestation version for the given security level. The value follows the device
-     * requires version 300.
+     * OS: cached attestation data wins, then attestVersionMap[SDK_INT], then 400 as last resort.
+     * A static StrongBox=300 floor would force a major-version mismatch with the TEE chain on
+     * Android 16 devices that report keymaster 400 across both security levels.
      *
      * @param securityLevel The security level of the attestation (1 for TEE, 2 for StrongBox).
      * @return The appropriate attestation version number.
      */
     fun getAttestVersion(securityLevel: Int): Int {
-        // StrongBox security level requires an attestation version of at least 300.
+        val cached = DeviceAttestationService.CachedAttestationData?.attestVersion
-        if (securityLevel == SecurityLevel.STRONGBOX) {
+        val version = cached
-            return 300
-        }
-        return DeviceAttestationService.CachedAttestationData?.attestVersion
             ?: attestVersionMap[Build.VERSION.SDK_INT]
             ?: 400 // Default to a recent version
+        val source = when {
+            cached != null -> "cache"
+            attestVersionMap.containsKey(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT) -> "map"
+            else -> "default"
+        }
+        SystemLogger.debug("attestVersion=$version source=$source securityLevel=$securityLevel")
+        return version
     }
 
     /**
@@ -398,10 +423,7 @@ object AndroidDeviceUtils {
      * @param securityLevel The security level, used to determine the correct attestation version.
      * @return The appropriate Keymaster or KeyMint version number.
      */
-    fun getKeymasterVersion(securityLevel: Int): Int {
+    fun getKeymasterVersion(securityLevel: Int): Int = getAttestVersion(securityLevel)
-        val attestVersion = getAttestVersion(securityLevel)
-        return if (attestVersion >= 100) attestVersion else 41 // Keymaster 4.1 for older versions
-    }
 
     // --- APEX and Module Hash Properties ---
 

module/action.sh

@@ -2,10 +2,45 @@
 MODDIR=${0%/*}
 CONFIG_DIR=/data/adb/tricky_store
 
+. "$MODDIR/action_i18n.sh"
+
+echo "  ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+echo "  ⚠️  $(_msg confirm_header)"
+echo "  ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+echo " "
+echo "  $(_msg confirm_warning_1)"
+echo "  $(_msg confirm_warning_2)"
+echo " "
+echo "  🔊  $(_msg confirm_vol_up)"
+echo "  🔉  $(_msg confirm_vol_down)"
+echo " "
+
+confirm() {
+    # Sample getevent in 1s bursts; a piped stream block-buffers and misses
+    # a single key-press before the timeout.
+    deadline=$(( $(date +%s) + 10 ))
+    while [ "$(date +%s)" -lt "$deadline" ]; do
+        events=$(/system/bin/timeout 1 /system/bin/getevent -l 2>/dev/null)
+        case "$events" in
+            *KEY_VOLUMEUP*)   return 0 ;;
+            *KEY_VOLUMEDOWN*) return 1 ;;
+        esac
+    done
+    return 1
+}
+
+if ! confirm; then
+    echo " "
+    echo "  ❌ $(_msg confirm_cancelled)"
+    exit 0
+fi
+
 if [ -d "$CONFIG_DIR/persistent_keys" ]; then
     rm -rf "$CONFIG_DIR/persistent_keys"
     mkdir -p "$CONFIG_DIR/persistent_keys"
-    echo "Persistent key storage cleared"
+    echo " "
+    echo "  ✅ $(_msg confirm_cleared)"
 else
-    echo "No persistent key storage found"
+    echo " "
+    echo "  ℹ️  $(_msg confirm_not_found)"
 fi

module/action_i18n.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+ACTION_LANG="en"
+_detect_lang() {
+    local raw
+    raw=$(getprop persist.sys.locale 2>/dev/null)
+    [ -z "$raw" ] && raw=$(getprop ro.product.locale 2>/dev/null)
+    [ -z "$raw" ] && raw=$(getprop ro.system.locale 2>/dev/null)
+    local code=$(printf '%s' "$raw" | sed 's/_/-/g')
+    case "$code" in
+        zh-Hans*|zh-CN*) code="zh-CN" ;;
+        zh-Hant*|zh-TW*|zh-HK*) code="zh-TW" ;;
+        pt-BR*) code="pt-BR" ;;
+        pt*) code="pt-BR" ;;
+        es-ES*|es*) code="es-ES" ;;
+        *-*) code="${code%%-*}" ;;
+    esac
+    case "$code" in
+        ar|az|bn|de|el|es-ES|fa|fr|id|it|ja|ko|pl|pt-BR|ru|th|tl|tr|uk|vi|zh-CN|zh-TW) ACTION_LANG="$code" ;;
+    esac
+}
+_detect_lang
+
+_msg() {
+    case "$ACTION_LANG" in
+    zh-CN) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "清除持久化密钥存储" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "这将删除所有缓存的证明密钥。" ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "使用证明的应用将在下次使用时重新注册。" ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "音量+ = 确认清除" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "音量- = 取消（10秒后默认）" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "已取消 - 密钥已保留" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "持久化密钥存储已清除" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "未找到持久化密钥存储" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    zh-TW) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "清除持久化金鑰儲存" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "這將刪除所有快取的證明金鑰。" ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "使用證明的應用程式將在下次使用時重新註冊。" ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "音量+ = 確認清除" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "音量- = 取消（10秒後預設）" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "已取消 - 金鑰已保留" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "持久化金鑰儲存已清除" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "未找到持久化金鑰儲存" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    ja) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "永続キーストレージを消去" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "キャッシュされた証明キーをすべて削除します。" ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "証明を使用するアプリは次回使用時に再登録されます。" ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "音量+ = 消去を確認" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "音量- = キャンセル（10秒後デフォルト）" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "キャンセルされました - キーは保持されます" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "永続キーストレージを消去しました" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "永続キーストレージが見つかりません" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    ko) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "영구 키 저장소 지우기" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "캐시된 모든 증명 키를 삭제합니다." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "증명을 사용하는 앱은 다음 사용 시 재등록됩니다." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "볼륨+ = 지우기 확인" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "볼륨- = 취소 (10초 후 기본값)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "취소됨 - 키 유지됨" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "영구 키 저장소가 지워졌습니다" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "영구 키 저장소를 찾을 수 없습니다" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    ru) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Очистить постоянное хранилище ключей" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Это удалит все кэшированные ключи аттестации." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Приложения, использующие аттестацию, перерегистрируются при следующем использовании." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Громкость+ = Подтвердить очистку" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Громкость- = Отмена (по умолчанию через 10с)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Отменено - ключи сохранены" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Постоянное хранилище ключей очищено" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Постоянное хранилище ключей не найдено" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    de) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Persistenten Schlüsselspeicher löschen" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Dies löscht alle zwischengespeicherten Attestierungsschlüssel." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Apps mit Attestierung registrieren sich bei der nächsten Nutzung neu." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Laut+ = Löschen bestätigen" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Leise- = Abbrechen (Standard nach 10s)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Abgebrochen - Schlüssel beibehalten" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Persistenter Schlüsselspeicher gelöscht" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Kein persistenter Schlüsselspeicher gefunden" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    fr) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Effacer le stockage de clés persistant" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Ceci supprime toutes les clés d'attestation en cache." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Les apps utilisant l'attestation se réinscriront à la prochaine utilisation." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Vol+ = Confirmer l'effacement" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Vol- = Annuler (par défaut après 10s)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Annulé - clés conservées" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Stockage de clés persistant effacé" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Aucun stockage de clés persistant trouvé" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    es-ES) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Borrar almacenamiento persistente de claves" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Esto elimina todas las claves de atestación en caché." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Las apps que usan atestación se volverán a registrar en el próximo uso." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Vol+ = Confirmar borrado" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Vol- = Cancelar (predeterminado tras 10s)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Cancelado - claves conservadas" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Almacenamiento persistente de claves borrado" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "No se encontró almacenamiento persistente de claves" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    pt-BR) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Limpar armazenamento persistente de chaves" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Isso exclui todas as chaves de atestação em cache." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Apps que usam atestação serão re-registrados no próximo uso." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Vol+ = Confirmar limpeza" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Vol- = Cancelar (padrão após 10s)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Cancelado - chaves preservadas" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Armazenamento persistente de chaves limpo" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Nenhum armazenamento persistente de chaves encontrado" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    it) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Cancella archivio chiavi persistente" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Questo elimina tutte le chiavi di attestazione in cache." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Le app che usano l'attestazione si re-registreranno al prossimo utilizzo." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Vol+ = Conferma cancellazione" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Vol- = Annulla (predefinito dopo 10s)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Annullato - chiavi conservate" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Archivio chiavi persistente cancellato" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Nessun archivio chiavi persistente trovato" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    tr) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Kalıcı Anahtar Deposunu Temizle" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Bu, önbelleğe alınmış tüm doğrulama anahtarlarını siler." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Doğrulama kullanan uygulamalar bir sonraki kullanımda yeniden kaydolacak." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Ses+ = Temizlemeyi onayla" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Ses- = İptal (10sn sonra varsayılan)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "İptal edildi - anahtarlar korundu" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Kalıcı anahtar deposu temizlendi" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Kalıcı anahtar deposu bulunamadı" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    id) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Hapus Penyimpanan Kunci Persisten" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Ini menghapus semua kunci atestasi yang di-cache." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Aplikasi yang menggunakan atestasi akan mendaftar ulang saat digunakan." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Vol+ = Konfirmasi hapus" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Vol- = Batal (default setelah 10 detik)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Dibatalkan - kunci dipertahankan" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Penyimpanan kunci persisten dihapus" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Penyimpanan kunci persisten tidak ditemukan" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    vi) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Xóa lưu trữ khóa cố định" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Thao tác này xóa tất cả khóa chứng thực được lưu cache." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Các ứng dụng dùng chứng thực sẽ đăng ký lại khi sử dụng tiếp theo." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Vol+ = Xác nhận xóa" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Vol- = Hủy (mặc định sau 10s)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Đã hủy - giữ nguyên khóa" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Đã xóa lưu trữ khóa cố định" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Không tìm thấy lưu trữ khóa cố định" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    ar) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "مسح تخزين المفاتيح الدائم" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "يؤدي هذا إلى حذف جميع مفاتيح التصديق المخزنة مؤقتاً." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "التطبيقات التي تستخدم التصديق ستعيد التسجيل في الاستخدام التالي." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "رفع الصوت = تأكيد المسح" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "خفض الصوت = إلغاء (افتراضي بعد 10 ثوانٍ)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "تم الإلغاء - تم الاحتفاظ بالمفاتيح" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "تم مسح تخزين المفاتيح الدائم" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "لم يتم العثور على تخزين مفاتيح دائم" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    th) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "ล้างที่จัดเก็บคีย์ถาวร" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "การดำเนินการนี้จะลบคีย์การรับรองที่แคชไว้ทั้งหมด" ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "แอปที่ใช้การรับรองจะลงทะเบียนใหม่ในการใช้งานครั้งถัดไป" ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "เพิ่มเสียง = ยืนยันการล้าง" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "ลดเสียง = ยกเลิก (ค่าเริ่มต้นหลัง 10 วินาที)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "ยกเลิกแล้ว - คีย์ยังคงอยู่" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "ล้างที่จัดเก็บคีย์ถาวรแล้ว" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "ไม่พบที่จัดเก็บคีย์ถาวร" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    uk) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Очистити постійне сховище ключів" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Це видаляє всі кешовані ключі атестації." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Програми, що використовують атестацію, повторно зареєструються при наступному використанні." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Гучність+ = Підтвердити очищення" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Гучність- = Скасувати (за замовчуванням через 10с)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Скасовано - ключі збережено" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Постійне сховище ключів очищено" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Постійне сховище ключів не знайдено" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    pl) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Wyczyść trwały magazyn kluczy" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "To usuwa wszystkie buforowane klucze atestacji." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Aplikacje używające atestacji zarejestrują się ponownie przy następnym użyciu." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Głośność+ = Potwierdź czyszczenie" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Głośność- = Anuluj (domyślnie po 10s)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Anulowano - klucze zachowane" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Trwały magazyn kluczy wyczyszczony" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Nie znaleziono trwałego magazynu kluczy" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    az) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Davamlı Açar Yaddaşını Təmizlə" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Bu, keşlənmiş bütün təsdiqləmə açarlarını silir." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Təsdiqləmədən istifadə edən tətbiqlər növbəti istifadədə yenidən qeydiyyatdan keçəcək." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Səs+ = Təmizləməni təsdiqlə" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Səs- = Ləğv et (10 saniyə sonra defolt)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Ləğv edildi - açarlar saxlanıldı" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Davamlı açar yaddaşı təmizləndi" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Davamlı açar yaddaşı tapılmadı" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    bn) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "স্থায়ী কী সংরক্ষণ পরিষ্কার করুন" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "এটি সমস্ত ক্যাশড অ্যাটেস্টেশন কী মুছে ফেলে।" ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "অ্যাটেস্টেশন ব্যবহারকারী অ্যাপগুলি পরবর্তী ব্যবহারে পুনরায় নিবন্ধন করবে।" ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "ভলিউম+ = পরিষ্কার নিশ্চিত করুন" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "ভলিউম- = বাতিল (১০ সেকেন্ডে ডিফল্ট)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "বাতিল করা হয়েছে - কী সংরক্ষিত" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "স্থায়ী কী সংরক্ষণ পরিষ্কার করা হয়েছে" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "কোনো স্থায়ী কী সংরক্ষণ পাওয়া যায়নি" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    el) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Εκκαθάριση Μόνιμου Αποθηκευτικού Χώρου Κλειδιών" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Διαγράφει όλα τα προσωρινά αποθηκευμένα κλειδιά πιστοποίησης." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Οι εφαρμογές που χρησιμοποιούν πιστοποίηση θα επανεγγραφούν στην επόμενη χρήση." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Ένταση+ = Επιβεβαίωση εκκαθάρισης" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Ένταση- = Ακύρωση (προεπιλογή μετά από 10 δευτ)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Ακυρώθηκε - τα κλειδιά διατηρήθηκαν" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Ο μόνιμος αποθηκευτικός χώρος κλειδιών εκκαθαρίστηκε" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Δεν βρέθηκε μόνιμος αποθηκευτικός χώρος κλειδιών" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    fa) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "پاک کردن ذخیره‌سازی دائمی کلید" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "این کار همه کلیدهای تأیید کش‌شده را حذف می‌کند." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "برنامه‌های استفاده‌کننده از تأیید در استفاده بعدی دوباره ثبت‌نام می‌کنند." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "صدا+ = تأیید پاک کردن" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "صدا- = لغو (پیش‌فرض پس از ۱۰ ثانیه)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "لغو شد - کلیدها حفظ شدند" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "ذخیره‌سازی دائمی کلید پاک شد" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "ذخیره‌سازی دائمی کلید یافت نشد" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    tl) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Burahin ang Persistent Key Storage" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "Buburahin nito ang lahat ng naka-cache na attestation keys." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Magre-rehistro muli ang mga app na gumagamit ng attestation sa susunod na paggamit." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Vol+ = Kumpirmahin ang pagbura" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Vol- = Kanselahin (default pagkatapos ng 10s)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Nakansela - napanatili ang mga key" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Nabura ang persistent key storage" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "Walang nahanap na persistent key storage" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    *) case "$1" in
+        confirm_header)     echo "Clear Persistent Key Storage" ;;
+        confirm_warning_1)  echo "This deletes all cached attestation keys." ;;
+        confirm_warning_2)  echo "Apps using attestation will re-enroll on next use." ;;
+        confirm_vol_up)     echo "Vol+  = Confirm clear" ;;
+        confirm_vol_down)   echo "Vol-  = Cancel (default after 10s)" ;;
+        confirm_cancelled)  echo "Cancelled - keys preserved" ;;
+        confirm_cleared)    echo "Persistent key storage cleared" ;;
+        confirm_not_found)  echo "No persistent key storage found" ;;
+    esac ;;
+    esac
+}

module/changelog.md

@@ -1,3 +1,137 @@
+## TEESimulator-RS v6.0.1-251
+
+14 commits since v6.0.0-235. Clears the remaining Duck Detector grant-domain rows (incl. the Android 16 OnePlus report), restores Google Wallet and fingerprint compatibility, and removes the in-module patch-level/bulletin resolvers. Test device (SDK 35) TEE tamper score 28 → 8.
+
+### Detection coverage
+- Grant plane virtualized: owner read and cross-app `Domain.GRANT` read return one identical chain. 6 RED rows cleared. (28 → 18)
+- Generate-mode fingerprint: dropped 2 surplus authorizations (both patchlevels), USER_ID moved to SOFTWARE to mirror a captured device. (18 → 8)
+- Android 16 grant: patch-mode keys now served on the grant plane, so owner and grant reads match — fixes CHAIN_SPLIT.
+- Grant gated to SDK ≥ 36: Android 15 answers PERMISSION_DENIED, no synthetic over-capability.
+- Stale-chain eviction: import and updateSubcomponent drop the cached attestation; no pre-mutation chain replays.
+- Lifecycle coherence: clearNamespace / deleteAllKeys / migrateKeyNamespace mirror synthetic key and grant state — defeats delete-then-read probes.
+- Device-ID attestation mirrors the real TEE: returns CANNOT_ATTEST_IDS where silicon can't attest, instead of forging it.
+
+### App compatibility
+- Google Wallet: INCLUDE_UNIQUE_ID stripped (not rejected) when the caller lacks the permission; card binding works. (PR #27)
+- Fingerprint / vendor keys: KEY_ID miss skips the post-handler, so real HAL operations are no longer wrapped and broken. (PR #26)
+
+### Removed
+- PatchLevelManager — auto-resolved the security-patch date from an installed PlayIntegrityFix module (with hot-reload) and applied it to props.
+- BulletinPoller — scheduled security-bulletin refresh.
+
+### Other
+- Release builds purge stale `teesim-*.bin` diagnostics from `/data/local/tmp` at boot.
+- Vol-key confirmation rewritten to 1s `getevent` bursts (piped stream missed single presses on Magisk).
+
+### Verified
+- SDK 35, Xiaomi 23106RN0DA: tamper 28 → 8; generate-mode signal gone; 4 grant rows UNAVAILABLE (correct for Android 15); no regressions.
+- Android 16 grant fix built but unconfirmed on SDK 36 — needs an affected OnePlus user to confirm the grant rows clear.
+
+---
+
+## TEESimulator-RS v6.0.0-235
+
+11 commits since v6.0.0-224. Duck Detector generate-mode fingerprint cleared. Shizuku-routed BYO attestation fixed. Vol-key confirmation restored on Magisk.
+
+### Detection Coverage
+- Duck Detector "TEE Simulator generate-mode fingerprint" cleared. `toAuthorizations` reordered to AOSP keymint reference order; KEY_SIZE moves from auth#4 to auth#2, breaking the byte-224 anchor the probe relied on. 0/31 matches on fresh self-probes (was 15/36).
+- `persist.logd.size` variants blanked at boot via `service.sh`. Removes a logd-tuning side-channel.
+
+### BYO & Shizuku Routing
+- Shizuku-routed BYO attestation no longer fails with `-49 UNSUPPORTED_TAG`. `shouldSkipUid` moved into `handleGenerateKey`, evaluated after BYO parameters are parsed.
+- `createOperation` parallel fix: outer UID gate removed; the cache-or-forward lookup is the sole gate. BYO keys created under Shizuku UID can now be used for signing under the same UID.
+- `forceGenerate` simplified: any attest-key or BYO request routes to software unconditionally.
+- BYO attest-key miss returns the full keybox chain instead of a malformed depth-1 chain.
+- AUTO TEE race dispatch removed. Resolution uses `DeviceAttestationService.isTeeFunctional` only.
+- Symmetric gen rejects `attestationKey != null` early with `INVALID_ARGUMENT`. Unsupported-algorithm branch returns `-38` instead of `-49`.
+
+### Action Button
+- Vol+ / Vol- confirmation restored on Magisk. Streaming `getevent -lq` matched inline against `KEY_VOLUMEUP DOWN` / `KEY_VOLUMEDOWN DOWN`, wrapped in `/system/bin/timeout 10`. The prior polled approach timed out on six-events-per-keypress kernels.
+
+### Verified
+- Android 15 (SDK 35), daemon PID 1466.
+- Cross-device confirmation pending on OnePlus PKX110 and Samsung SM-S928B.
+
+---
+
+## TEESimulator-RS v6.0.0-224
+
+59 commits since v6.0.0-162. Self-sufficient spoofing infrastructure, Duck Detector TamperScore-4 cleared on Xiaomi A16, persistent symmetric key storage (PR #22), 22-language action button hardening.
+
+### Detection Coverage
+- Duck Detector TimingSideChannelProbe cleared on Xiaomi A16 (SDK 35). Timing ratio dropped 1.555x to 1.055x, verdict WARNING to CLEAR. Threshold is > 1.1x.
+- `KEY_ID` resolved from `teeResponses` instead of synthesized, matching real KeyMint binder behavior.
+- Non-attested key cache mirrors attested path for byte-level metadata parity.
+- `KEY_SIZE` emitted for EC keys; omitted when `ecCurve` is present, matching AOSP attestation_record.h.
+- SSE messages synthesized canonically on non-AEAD `updateAad`; passthrough shape normalized.
+- StrongBox attest version no longer hardcoded; resolved from device context.
+- TEE op latency floor enforced to defeat micro-timing probes.
+- Attest key resolution restored to nspace-aware lookup after revert/restore cycle.
+
+### Self-Sufficient Spoofing
+- `PatchLevelManager` resolves OS/VENDOR/BOOT patch levels via PIF without external bulletin fetch.
+- `BulletinPoller` refreshes bulletin data on a schedule, isolated from boot path via umbrella `try/catch`.
+- Bootloader-lock props pushed via `resetprop` at boot; absent vbmeta complement props filled; `vbmeta.device_state` included.
+- PIF hot-reload via `FileObserver`; empty source files skipped; future patch dates bounded by `MAX_FUTURE_DAYS`.
+- Default `security_patch.txt` dropped at install time.
+- `sepolicy.rule` allows UDP egress for DNS resolution.
+
+### Key Persistence (PR #22)
+- Symmetric keys persist across reboots with byte-identical metadata.
+- Keybox edits no longer wipe stored keys.
+- Delete marker dropped on key regeneration to prevent stale state.
+- Defensive symmetric fallback path with clean error codes.
+
+### Reliability
+- `atomicWrite` preserves `[pkg]` sections; errors guarded in `updateTo`.
+- `applyToProps` serialized against concurrent callers.
+- `pollOnce` wrapped in umbrella `try/catch`; `BulletinPoller.start` failure isolated from spoofer init.
+- Spoofer ordering fixed: runs before keystore hook to prevent attest-time prop drift.
+- `isAutoMode` reads raw package mode; `system=prop` passive default respected.
+- `mergedContents` propagates read errors instead of swallowing them.
+- Date regex validation on `currentPatch`; YYYY-MM input skips day synthesis.
+- Global key-assignment check requires `=` delimiter (no more partial matches).
+- `validation_rejected` status emitted on invalid spoof input.
+
+### Action Button UX
+- Vol+ required to clear `persistent_keys`. Vol- cancels. 10-second timeout defaults to cancel.
+- Confirmation localized in 22 languages: ar, az, bn, de, el, es-ES, fa, fr, id, it, ja, ko, pl, pt-BR, ru, th, tl, tr, uk, vi, zh-CN, zh-TW.
+- Every echoed string resolves through `_msg()` against device locale.
+
+### Build & Ops
+- Kotlin `jvmTarget` raised to JVM 21.
+- Gradle auto-rewrites `module/update.json` on packaging.
+- `scripts/package.sh` locates user-local cargo; rust task receives cargo bin path.
+- Verified on Xiaomi Android 16 (SDK 35) `v6.0.0-224-Release`. Daemon alive PID 1392. Pending cross-device confirm on OnePlus PKX110 (qcom sun) and Samsung SM-S928B (pineapple).
+
+---
+
+## TEESimulator-RS v6.0.0
+
+Repository consolidation release. All tee-rebuild work merged as the new main branch.
+
+### AOSP Self-Signed Cert Compliance
+- No-challenge keys now generate self-signed certs (subject == issuer, depth 1), matching AOSP `ta/src/keys.rs:451-478`
+- Both Kotlin (BouncyCastle) and Rust (native-certgen) paths corrected
+- Eliminates attestation behavioral probes that detect keybox issuer on non-attested keys
+
+### Stability
+- Binder stress crash hardening for concurrent generateKey calls
+- AUTO mode TEE race for consistent attestation on devices with working G10
+- Oversized transactions routed to software gen instead of crashing
+- Operation-time params (BLOCK_MODE, PADDING, DIGEST) passed through to CipherPrimitive
+
+### Banking App Compatibility
+- Bare `target.txt` entries now default to AUTO mode, resolved at config level to PATCH (working TEE) or GENERATE (broken TEE)
+- Fixes BHIM and similar banking apps that require TEE-backed attestation keys
+- Restores v5.0 behavior where AUTO was resolved before the interceptor dispatch, avoiding the non-deterministic `raceTeePatch` path
+
+### Infrastructure
+- Version scheme changed to semver (v6.0.0)
+- Repository moved to TEESimulator-RS as canonical source
+
+---
+
 ## TEESimulator-RS v5.0: AOSP Compliance Overhaul
 
 Major release integrating 30+ AOSP compliance improvements from upstream PR #157 analysis, layered on top of our StrongBox hardening and native cert gen architecture.

module/customize.sh

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ install_file() {
 
 # --- Installation ---
 ui_print "- Extracting module files"
-for file in customize.sh module.prop service.sh sepolicy.rule daemon action.sh uninstall.sh; do
+for file in customize.sh module.prop service.sh sepolicy.rule daemon action.sh action_i18n.sh uninstall.sh; do
   install_file "$file" "$MODPATH"
 done
 
@@ -92,6 +92,17 @@ if [ ! -f "$CONFIG_DIR/target.txt" ]; then
   install_file "target.txt" "$CONFIG_DIR"
 fi
 
+if [ ! -f "$CONFIG_DIR/security_patch.txt" ]; then
+  ui_print "- Adding default security patch config (mirror device props)"
+  printf '%s\n' \
+    '# TEESimulator default: mirror live device props.' \
+    '# system=prop reads ro.build.version.security_patch at cert-gen time;' \
+    '# boot and vendor are auto-forced to prop too (ConfigurationManager.kt:253-256).' \
+    '# Override with explicit YYYY-MM-DD dates if you want active spoofing.' \
+    'system=prop' > "$CONFIG_DIR/security_patch.txt"
+  chmod 644 "$CONFIG_DIR/security_patch.txt"
+fi
+
 rm -f "$CONFIG_DIR/tee_status.txt"
 
 if [ ! -f "$CONFIG_DIR/hbk" ]; then

module/sepolicy.rule

@@ -1,2 +1,16 @@
 allow keystore {adb_data_file shell_data_file} file *
 allow crash_dump keystore process *
+
+allow ksu self:tcp_socket { create connect read write getopt setopt }
+allow ksu node:tcp_socket node_bind
+allow ksu port:tcp_socket name_connect
+allow magisk self:tcp_socket { create connect read write getopt setopt }
+allow magisk node:tcp_socket node_bind
+allow magisk port:tcp_socket name_connect
+
+allow ksu self:udp_socket { create connect read write getopt setopt }
+allow ksu node:udp_socket node_bind
+allow ksu port:udp_socket name_connect
+allow magisk self:udp_socket { create connect read write getopt setopt }
+allow magisk node:udp_socket node_bind
+allow magisk port:udp_socket name_connect

module/service.sh

@@ -3,3 +3,14 @@ cd $MODDIR
 
 # Fork-based supervisor for instant restart
 ./supervisor ./daemon "$MODDIR" &
+
+# Clear logd size persist properties once boot completes
+(
+  until [ "$(getprop sys.boot_completed)" = "1" ]; do
+    sleep 1
+  done
+  setprop persist.logd.size ""
+  setprop persist.logd.size.crash ""
+  setprop persist.logd.size.system ""
+  setprop persist.logd.size.main ""
+) &

module/uninstall.sh

@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ done
 rm -rf "$CONFIG_DIR/persistent_keys"
 rm -f "$CONFIG_DIR/tee_status.txt"
 rm -f "$CONFIG_DIR/boot_hash.bin" "$CONFIG_DIR/boot_key.bin"
+rm -f "$CONFIG_DIR/security_patch.txt" "$CONFIG_DIR/security_patch.txt.next" "$CONFIG_DIR/last_bulletin_fetch.json"

module/update.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
-	"version": "v4.5",
+  "version": "v6.0.1-251",
-	"versionCode": 111,
+  "versionCode": 251,
-	"zipUrl": "https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator/releases/download/v4.5/TEESimulator-v4.5-Release.zip",
+  "zipUrl": "https://github.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator-RS/releases/download/v6.0.1-251/TEESimulator-RS-v6.0.1-251-Release.zip",
-	"changelog": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator/main/module/changelog.md"
+  "changelog": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Enginex0/TEESimulator-RS/main/module/changelog.md"
 }

native-certgen/src/certbuilder.rs

@@ -14,9 +14,69 @@ const OID_SHA256_WITH_RSA: &[u64] = &[1, 2, 840, 113549, 1, 1, 11];
 // Extension OIDs
 const OID_KEY_USAGE: &[u64] = &[2, 5, 29, 15];
 
+// AOSP ta/src/keys.rs:451-478: no challenge = self-signed leaf, chain depth 1
+pub fn build_self_signed_cert(
+    key_pair: &GeneratedKeyPair,
+    params: &CertGenParams,
+) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>> {
+    let spki_der = extract_spki_from_pkcs8(&key_pair.private_key_pkcs8)?;
+    let sig_alg_der = signature_algorithm_for_signing_key(&key_pair.private_key_pkcs8, params.algorithm)?;
+
+    let serial_bytes = if let Some(ref serial) = params.cert_serial {
+        serial.clone()
+    } else {
+        vec![1u8]
+    };
+
+    let subject_dn_der = if let Some(ref subject) = params.cert_subject {
+        subject.clone()
+    } else {
+        encode_simple_cn_dn("Android Keystore Key")
+    };
+
+    let not_before = timestamp_to_datetime(params.cert_not_before)?;
+    let not_after = if params.cert_not_after == -1 {
+        // No keybox fallback available; use far-future (year 9999)
+        OffsetDateTime::from_unix_timestamp(253402300799)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| OffsetDateTime::now_utc() + time::Duration::days(365 * 30))
+    } else {
+        timestamp_to_datetime(params.cert_not_after)?
+    };
+
+    let extensions_der = build_extensions(None, &params.purposes)?;
+
+    let version_der = encode_der_explicit_tag(0, &encode_der_integer(&[2]));
+    let serial_der = encode_der_integer(&serial_bytes);
+    let validity_der = encode_validity(&not_before, &not_after);
+    let extensions_tagged = encode_der_explicit_tag(3, &extensions_der);
+
+    // issuer == subject (self-signed, per AOSP ta/src/cert.rs:111-114)
+    let tbs_der = encode_der_sequence(&[
+        &version_der,
+        &serial_der,
+        &sig_alg_der,
+        &subject_dn_der,
+        &validity_der,
+        &subject_dn_der,
+        &spki_der,
+        &extensions_tagged,
+    ]);
+
+    let signature_bytes = sign_tbs(&tbs_der, &key_pair.private_key_pkcs8, params.algorithm)?;
+    let signature_bit_string = encode_der_bit_string(&signature_bytes);
+
+    let cert_der = encode_der_sequence(&[
+        &tbs_der,
+        &sig_alg_der,
+        &signature_bit_string,
+    ]);
+
+    Ok(vec![cert_der])
+}
+
 pub fn build_certificate_chain(
     key_pair: &GeneratedKeyPair,
-    attestation_ext_der: &[u8],
+    attestation_ext_der: Option<&[u8]>,
     keybox: &ParsedKeybox,
     params: &CertGenParams,
 ) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>> {
@@ -33,7 +93,7 @@ pub fn build_certificate_chain(
 
 fn build_leaf_cert(
     key_pair: &GeneratedKeyPair,
-    attestation_ext_der: &[u8],
+    attestation_ext_der: Option<&[u8]>,
     keybox: &ParsedKeybox,
     params: &CertGenParams,
 ) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
@@ -63,7 +123,6 @@ fn build_leaf_cert(
         timestamp_to_datetime(params.cert_not_after)?
     };
 
-    // Extensions
     let extensions_der = build_extensions(attestation_ext_der, &params.purposes)?;
 
     // TBS Certificate
@@ -256,19 +315,19 @@ fn extract_rsa_spki(pkcs8_der: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
     Ok(encode_der_sequence(&[&alg_id, &pub_key_bits]))
 }
 
-fn build_extensions(attestation_ext_der: &[u8], purposes: &[i32]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+fn build_extensions(attestation_ext_der: Option<&[u8]>, purposes: &[i32]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
     let mut extensions: Vec<Vec<u8>> = Vec::new();
 
-    // KeyUsage extension (critical)
     let ku_byte = map_key_usage_byte(purposes);
     if ku_byte != 0 {
         let ku_ext = build_key_usage_extension(ku_byte);
         extensions.push(ku_ext);
     }
 
-    // Attestation extension (non-critical)
+    if let Some(attest_der) = attestation_ext_der {
-    let attest_ext = build_extension(&encode_der_oid(ATTESTATION_OID), false, attestation_ext_der);
+        let attest_ext = build_extension(&encode_der_oid(ATTESTATION_OID), false, attest_der);
-    extensions.push(attest_ext);
+        extensions.push(attest_ext);
+    }
 
     Ok(encode_der_sequence_of(&extensions))
 }

native-certgen/src/lib.rs

@@ -62,14 +62,13 @@ fn generate_attested_inner(env: &mut JNIEnv, config: &JObject) -> Result<jbyteAr
 
     let keybox = keybox::parse_keybox(&params.keybox_cert_chain, &params.keybox_private_key)?;
 
-    let attest_ext = attestation::build_attestation_extension(&params)?;
+    let cert_chain = if params.attestation_challenge.is_some() {
-
+        let attest_ext = attestation::build_attestation_extension(&params)?;
-    let cert_chain = certbuilder::build_certificate_chain(
+        certbuilder::build_certificate_chain(&key_pair, Some(&attest_ext), &keybox, &params)?
-        &key_pair,
+    } else {
-        &attest_ext,
+        tracing::info!("no attestation challenge, generating self-signed cert (depth 1)");
-        &keybox,
+        certbuilder::build_self_signed_cert(&key_pair, &params)?
-        &params,
+    };
-    )?;
 
     let blob = assemble_result(&key_pair.private_key_pkcs8, &cert_chain);
 

scripts/package.sh

@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@
 #   ./scripts/package.sh --rust --release             # build Rust crate first, then release
 set -euo pipefail
 
+# Gradle's buildRustCertgen resolves `cargo` against the daemon's inherited PATH,
+# not the env we inject via gradle's Exec.environment(). Prepend the per-user
+# rustup install so non-login shells (CI, IDE-launched terminals, fresh tmux)
+# still find it without sourcing /etc/profile.d/cargo-path.sh.
+[ -d "$HOME/.cargo/bin" ] && PATH="$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH"
+
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
 PROJECT_ROOT="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
 OUT_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/out"

stub/src/main/java/android/security/maintenance/IKeystoreMaintenance.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package android.security.maintenance;
+
+import android.os.IBinder;
+
+/**
+ * Compile-time stub for the hidden keystore2 maintenance binder
+ * ({@code android.security.maintenance.IKeystoreMaintenance}).
+ *
+ * <p>This module is a {@code compileOnly} dependency, so the real framework class
+ * (which carries the actual {@code TRANSACTION_*} codes) is loaded at runtime. We
+ * only need the {@link #DESCRIPTOR} token to parse the transaction parcel and the
+ * inner {@code Stub} class so {@code getTransactCode} can reflect the real codes.
+ */
+public interface IKeystoreMaintenance {
+    String DESCRIPTOR = "android.security.maintenance.IKeystoreMaintenance";
+
+    class Stub {
+        public static IKeystoreMaintenance asInterface(IBinder b) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("STUB!");
+        }
+    }
+}